甲醛和三氯乙烯联合染毒对小鼠骨髓细胞DNA的损伤效应  

Joint genotoxicity of formaldehyde and trichloroethylene inhalation to bone-marrow cells of mice

作　　者：李云路[1] 原褔胜 李敏[1] 梁瑞峰[1] 赵五红[1] 

机构地区：[1]山西医科大学公共卫生学院环境卫生学教研室,山西太原030001

出　　处：《环境与健康杂志》2013年第11期953-956,F0003,共5页Journal of Environment and Health

基　　金：山西省自然科学基金(2009011049-2)

摘　　要：目的探究甲醛和三氯乙烯联合染毒对小鼠骨髓细胞DNA的损伤作用。方法 108只健康清洁级昆明小鼠按3×3析因设计随机分为9组,每组12只,雌雄各半,即对照组(清洁空气)、甲醛低剂量组(1 mg/m3)、甲醛高剂量组(5 mg/m3)、三氯乙烯低剂量组(1 000 mg/m3)、三氯乙烯高剂量组(5 000 mg/m3)、低甲醛+低三氯乙烯剂量组(1 mg/m3+1 000 mg/m3)、低甲醛+高三氯乙烯剂量组(1 mg/m3+5 000 mg/m3)、高甲醛+低三氯乙烯剂量组(5 mg/m3+1 000 mg/m3)、高甲醛+高三氯乙烯剂量组(5 mg/m3+5 000 mg/m3)。采用静式吸入染毒,每天2 h,连续14 d。通过骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核试验和彗星试验检测骨髓细胞DNA的损伤。结果随着甲醛和三氯乙烯染毒剂量的增加,各染毒组小鼠骨髓细胞微核率升高,与对照组相比,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),二者对雌性小鼠微核率的影响存在交互作用(P<0.05)。彗星试验结果显示,除三氯乙烯低剂量组小鼠骨髓细胞拖尾率外,其他各染毒组拖尾率、尾部DNA含量和尾矩均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);除雌性小鼠尾矩外,甲醛和三氯乙烯联合染毒对小鼠骨髓细胞拖尾率、彗星细胞尾部DNA含量和尾矩的影响均存在一定的交互作用(P<0.05)。结论甲醛和三氯乙烯对小鼠骨髓细胞具有DNA损伤作用,二者联合吸入对DNA的损伤可能具有一定的协同作用。Objective To explore the joint genotoxicity of formaldehyde and trichloroethylene inhalation to bone-marrow cells of the mice. Methods A total of 108 healthy and clean Kunming inbred strain mice were randomly divided into nine groups, the sex ratio was 1：1. The control group was exposed to clean air, the formaldehyde treatment groups were exposed at the dosage of 1 mg/m3, 5 mg/m3, the trichloroethylene treatment groups were exposed at the dosage of 1 000 mg/m3, 5 000 mg/m3 and the joint treatment groups of formaldehyde and trichloroethylene were exposed at the dosage of 1＋1 000 mg/m3, 1＋5 000 mg/m3, 5＋1 000 mg/m3, 5＋5 000 mg/m3 respectively. The mice were exposed to formaldehyde and trichloroethylene 2 h per day, for 14 consecutive days. The joint genotoxicity of formaldehyde and trichloroethylene was tested by bone marrow polychromatic erythrocyte micronucleus test and single cell gel electrophoresis assay. Results When the mice were exposed to formaldehyde and trichloroethylene, the micrenucleus rate was increased with the increasing of doses of formaldehyde and trichloroethylene, the two substances could induce micronucleus rate significantly （P〈0.05）, and there was interaction between formaldehyde and trichloroethylene in micronucleus rate （P〈0.05）. Fortpaldehyde and trichloroethylene presented significant affect on the rate of DNA tail of bone-marrow cell,tail DNA% and tail moment of comet （P〈0.05）. The two substances showed interaction in rate of DNA tail of bone-marrow cell, tail DNA% and tail moment （P〈0.05）. Conclusion Inhaling formaldehyde and trichloroethylene can induce genetic damage in bone-marrow ceils of the mice. The joint exposure to formaldehyde and trichloroethylenehas may have synergistic effect on bone-marrow cells in genotoxicity.

关 键 词：甲醛 三氯乙烯 骨髓细胞 微核试验 彗星试验 

分 类 号：R994.6[医药卫生—毒理学]