聚丙烯酸叠氮乙酯的合成与表征  

THE SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF POLY(AZIDOETHYL ACRYLATE)

作　　者：龚文林[1] 金波[1] 彭汝芳[1] 舒远杰[2] 楚士晋[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南科技大学四川省非金属复合与功能材料重点实验室-省部共建国家重点实验室培育基地,绵阳621010 [2]中国工程物理研究院化工材料研究所,绵阳621900

出　　处：《高分子学报》2013年第12期1567-1572,共6页Acta Polymerica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金委员会-中国工程物理研究院NSAF联合基金重点基金(基金号10576026);国防基础科研项目(项目号A3120133002;A3120110005);碳纳米材料四川省青年科技创新研究团队项目(项目号2011JTD0017)资助

摘　　要：以丙烯酸和氯乙醇为原料,经过酯化、自由基聚合以及叠氮化三步反应合成得到了一种新型叠氮类聚合物—聚丙烯酸叠氮乙酯,可满足高聚物黏结炸药和固体火箭推进剂对黏结剂不敏感及相容性较好的要求.经元素分析、FTIR、UV-Vis、1H-NMR等方法对聚合物结构进行了表征,得到结构正确且叠氮化率为98.67%的产物;用GPC对聚合物的分子量以及分子量分布进行了检测,结果表明聚合物数均分子量(M n)为1.14×105,分子量分布指数(M w/M n)为3.20;用DTA、DSC、TGA等方法对聚合物的热稳定性进行了分析,结果表明聚丙烯酸叠氮乙酯在空气中220℃以内未见分解,热稳定性好,其玻璃化转变温度为-11.77℃.并用差热分析技术研究聚丙烯酸叠氮乙酯与炸药的相容性,结果表明其能在TNT及HMX炸药中安全使用,在RDX炸药中相容性欠佳.A new azide polymer—poly（ azidoethyl acrylate） was synthesized with acrylic acid and 2-chloride ethanol as the raw materials through a three-step process involving esterification,radical polymerization,and azide reaction. The new substance can meet the requirements of insensitive and better compatibility in polymer bonded explosives and solid rocket propellant binder. The azidation rate was determined by elemental analysis,and poly（ azidoethyl acrylate） with azidation rate of 98. 67% was obtained under this reaction condition. The structure of the preparation product was characterized by FTIR,UV-Vis and1H-NMR methods. The results of GPC declared the number-average molecular weight M n= 1. 14 × 105,molecular weight distribution index M w/M n= 3. 2,which implied the better mechanical properties and processability of preparation product. The glasstransition temperature of poly（ azidoethyl acrylate） was evaluated by DSC method and the thermal stability was tested by DTA and TGA methods. The results indicated that poly（ azidoethyl acrylate） showed a single glasstransition temperature at- 11. 77 ℃ and exhibited good resistance to thermal decomposition up to 220 ℃.Moreover,the compatibilities of poly（ azidoethyl acrylate） with the energetic components of TNT-based melt cast explosives were studied by using the DTA method. The result indicated that poly（ azidoethyl acrylate） can be safely used in melt cast explosives of TNT and HMX,just not suitable for RDX explosives.

关 键 词：聚丙烯酸叠氮乙酯 自由基聚合 叠氮化 相容性 

分 类 号：O631.3[理学—高分子化学]