绿洲城市不同道路扩展轴的景观梯度变化对比研究  

Gradient Analysis and Comparison of Landscape Pattern Along Different Traffic Expansion Axes of Oasis City in the Arid Area of China

作　　者：谢余初[1] 巩杰[1] 王合领[1] 孙朋[1] 钱大文[1] 

机构地区：[1]兰州大学西部环境教育部重点实验室,干旱环境与气候变化协同创新中心,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《地理科学》2013年第12期1434-1441,共8页Scientia Geographica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)(2009CB421306);教育部春晖计划项目(Z2011028)资助

摘　　要：绿洲城市不同道路扩展轴上景观梯度变化是理解城市化对干旱区城乡景观格局及其生态过程影响的重要途径。基于遥感与GIS技术支持，结合景观格局指数与梯度分析，对比分析了干旱区绿洲城市酒泉市肃州区不同道路扩展轴上的城市景观格局梯度动态变化及其特征。结果表明：1996～2010年，肃州区各道路扩展轴沿线景观格局变化显著，建设用地和城市绿地增加迅速，未利用地、灌丛草地和耕地等明显减少；城市化过程表现为沿交通干线轴向上“团块一轴向”的扩张特征。城市化进程造成酒嘉和酒西公路扩展轴方向的景观异质性和多样性增加，景观形状更为复杂，景观类型由原本占主导地位的未利用地逐渐转变为以城市工业建设用地景观为主。酒清和酒金公路扩展轴上，靠近城区中心的景观破碎化程度和景观形状复杂性指数较高，而远离城区中心的各指数值较低，逐渐趋向于多种景观均势并存的景观格局。总体上，不同等级城『订道路扩展轴上城市化及其城市景观梯度变化特征不同，国道酒嘉公路样带〉省道酒西公路〉国道酒清公路〉省道酒金公路；在空间尺度上，各扩展轴上城市郊区景观指数变化明显大于绿洲农业区。The quantification of landscape pattern gradient change along urban expansion axis was not only an important method to understand oasis urbanization process, but also was the way prerequisite for the evalua- tion of ecological processes and mechanism that affect landscape pattem change dynamics. On the basis of re- mote sensing and GIS technology, jointing methods of landscape pattern metrics with gradient analysis was used to study the spatial-temporal change of landscape pattem along different road expansion axes of Jiuquan City. The expansion axes included Jiujia road and Jiuxi road transects with 12.5 km length and 5 km width and transects along Jiuqing road and Jiujin road with width of 5 km and length of 17.5 km and 20 km, separately. Comparison analysis was made among these roads transects from 1996 to 2010. The results showed that land- scape pattern changed greatly along different road expansion axes. Constructed land and urban green land in- creased rapidly while unused land and farmland decreased gradually, and promptly converted to constructed land in the Jiujia road transect and Jiuxi road transect. The character of urbanization was ＂clamps- axial＂ along road expansion axes of Jiuquan city. Due to urbanization, landscape heterogeneity and landscape diversi- ty were increase, the landscape shape become more complex along Jiujia road and Jiuxi road. The landscape pattern dominated by the unused land was converted to an urban landscape dominant pattern gradually. Howev- er, along the Jiujin road, urbanization didn＇t affected obviously on landscape shape complexity and fragmenta- tion. With the increase of distance from the city center, the landscape patch density, landscape shape index and the landscape heterogeneity decreased along the Jiujin road and Jiuqing road. And with the decreasing of domi- nance of farmland, the landscape converted into a uniformly coexistent pattern of constructed land, farmland, green land and unused land. Summarily, there were different characters of urbanization and u

关 键 词：城市化 城市道路扩展轴 景观格局变化 梯度分析 绿洲城市 干旱区 

分 类 号：Q149[生物学—生态学]