次声:监测地震的新领域  

Infrasound:A new frontier in monitoring earthquakes

作　　者：章菲[1] 杨庆生[1] 夏雅琴[1] 陈维升[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]北京工业大学机械工程与应用电子技术学院,北京100124 [2]中国地球物理学会天灾预测专业委员会,北京100081

出　　处：《地学前缘》2013年第6期94-101,共8页Earth Science Frontiers

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAK29B00)

摘　　要：次声现已被广泛的应用于监测领域,如监测地震、火山爆发等。相对较低的声衰减率使得次声（1~20Hz）能够在大气中传播很长的距离。此外,从蓬勃兴起的次声台站实时传送的数据有利于我们更好地了解次声产生机制及地震的远程效应。文中着重于不同震级的地震次声波的可能产生机制,简要介绍了次声阵列的优点,给出了几个大地震的震前次声波案例,也总结了现发现的中小型地震的次声波案例,据此提出了未来的发展方向。Infrasound has been widely used for observation of associated events such as earthquakes and volcanic eruptions,etc.The relatively low acoustic attenuation allows infrasound to transmit for a long distance from sources to propagate in the atmosphere at frequencies between 1and 20 Hz and to be recorded regionally or globally.In addition,numerous data telemetered from the booming global networks of infrasound stations supply us a better understanding of the infrasound generation mechanism and remote effects of earthquakes.Recent efforts in source identification focus on the calculation methods of infrasonic data,considering propagation conditions including profiles of sound velocity and wind speed in the higher atmosphere.In turn,we can validate atmospheric model.In this paper,we place attention to several plausible generation mechanisms of distinct infrasound from earthquakes of different magnitudes,as well as the merits of infrasound arrays.Some detailed case studies are given at the end.On the basis of these studies,we will propose some feasible measures in future.It is no doubt that infrasound research will be an active field either for precursory earthquake infrasound or for co-,post-earthquake infrasound.

关 键 词：地震 次声 次声阵列 传播 

分 类 号：P315[天文地球—地震学]