桑树与红薯套作模式的群体光合特性研究  

Photosynthetic Characteristics of Mulberry and Batata Intercrops

作　　者：李勇[1] 于翠[1] 胡兴明[1] 邓文[1] 叶楚华[1] 彭波[1] 熊超[1] 郭冬各[2] 

机构地区：[1]湖北省农业科学院经济作物研究所,武汉430064 [2]武汉大学生命科学学院,武汉430072

出　　处：《蚕业科学》2013年第6期1049-1055,共7页ACTA SERICOLOGICA SINICA

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系专项(No.CARS-22)

摘　　要：桑园套作是提高蚕桑生产效益的途径之一。为了对桑树与红薯套作桑园进行合理的栽培管理,在自然条件下测定分析单作、套作模式桑树与红薯叶片的气体交换参数以及净光合速率(P n)对光和CO2的响应特性。结果表明,单作模式的桑树或红薯均有明显的光合"午休"现象,而套作模式的桑树与红薯则无光抑制现象;套作模式的桑树与红薯的表观量子效率(AQY)和羧化效率(CE)大于单作模式,单作模式的桑树或红薯的P n、气孔导度(G s)、胞间CO2浓度(C i)、蒸腾速率(T r)、表观光能利用效率(LUE)季节变化均值显著大于套作模式(P<0.05);影响2种套作植物的P n最主要的环境因子是光合有效辐射(PAR),同时G s和T r都受空气相对湿度的影响。综合上述试验结果认为,桑树与红薯套作可提高群体的表观量子效率和羧化效率及对水分的利用效率,但降低了表观光能利用效率和CO2利用效率,所以需要优化套作模式下桑树的冠层结构及桑园套作红薯的配置比例,最终使桑树、红薯丰产,达到使桑园产值最大化的目的。Intercropping in mulberry field is one of the ways to improve benefit of sericultural production. In order to reasonably manage the mulberry field intercropped with batata, gas exchange and net photosynthetic rate （Pn） of mulberry and batata under both monocropping and intercropping in response to light and carbon dioxide were measured and analyzed. The results showed that both mulberry and batata under monocropping had obvious midday photosynthetic depression, whereas those under intercropping did not have such depression. The apparent quantum efficiency （AQY） and carboxylation efficiency （CE） of mulberry and batata under intercropping was higher than that of mulberry and batata under monocropping. However, the seasonal average values of Po, stomatal conductance （ Gs）, intercellular carbon dioxide concentration （Ci）, Tr （transpiration rate）, and LUE （apparent light use efficiency） were all significantly higher than that of mulberry and batata under intercropping （P 〈 0.05）. PAR （photosynthetic active radiation） was the major ecological factor that influences the Po of both crops, while the relative humidity of the environment affected their Gs and Tr. The above data led us to conclude that mulberry and batata intercropping can enhance the apparent quantum efficiency, carbon carboxylation efficiency and water use efficiency, but reduce apparent light use efficiency and CO2 utilization efficiency. Therefore, it is needed to optimize the canopy structure of mulberry under intercropping and select suitable proportion of mulberry and batata, so as to obtain high yield of both mulberry and batata, and maximize the economic benefit of mulberry field.

关 键 词：桑园套作 桑树 红薯 光合特性 

分 类 号：S888.4[农业科学—特种经济动物饲养]