论具体犯罪概念的经验概括  

On the Empirical Generalizations of the Concept of the Concrete Crime

作　　者：白建军[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学法学院

出　　处：《中国法学》2013年第6期103-116,共14页China Legal Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目"中国案例指导制度研究"(项目编号:10ZD&044)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：在刑法分则解释的常见话语模式中,什么是犯罪的正面阐释往往多于什么不是犯罪的说明。本文从75万个刑事司法判决中筛选出三千多个变更罪名样本,据此观察、分析法官群体否定有罪指控的实践经验。研究发现,这种法官群体经验有助于发现对某些具体犯罪概念的误解,展现罪名适用的多种界限,证实刑法解释的能动性。本研究提出,具体犯罪概念的经验概括是某种类型化案件事实的刑法性质的否定性特称判断,位于三段论推理的大前提与小前提之间。借助这种判断,可以使刑法解释更加接近实际,提高司法效率。There are more positive statements about what is crime than statements about what is not on the common discourse mode of the interpretations of the specific provisions of the criminal law. This article, based on the sample of more than 3,000 cases which altered accusations chosen from 750,000 criminal judicial judgments, observes and analyzes the practical experiences about how the judges deny the charge of guilty. The study found that the group experiences of the judges can help to find the miscomprehension of some concepts of concrete crime, reveal a variety of limits for applying accusations and prove the initiative of the interpretations of the criminal law. This study suggests that the empirical generalizations of the concept of the concrete crime are the negative judgments of the nature of criminal law about some specialized case facts located between the major premise and the minor premise of the syllogism. These judgments could contribute to making the interpretation of the criminal law more practical and then improving judicial efficiency.

关 键 词：变更罪名 犯罪概念 经验概括 法律解释 

分 类 号：D914[政治法律—刑法学]