铜陵狮子山铜金矿废矿石的矿物组成及其环境意义  

Mineral assemblage of sulfide-bearing waste ores and its environmental implication in Dongguashan Cu-Au Mine,Tongling,Anhui Province

作　　者：李娟[1] 陆建军[1] 陆现彩[1] 刘欢[1] 朱翔宇[1] 欧阳冰洁[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学内生金属矿床成矿机制研究国家重点实验室,南京大学地球科学与工程学院,南京210093

出　　处：《南京大学学报（自然科学版）》2013年第6期689-697,共9页Journal of Nanjing University（Natural Science）

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(40930742;10979018);江苏省创新学者攀登项目(BK2010008)

摘　　要：矿山废弃物会造成潜在的环境灾害,金属硫化物的氧化是重金属的主要释放源.因此,确定废矿石的次生矿物种类、分布及成因,可对确定控制酸化、释放重金属的矿物提供依据.本文的工作对采自安徽铜陵狮子山铜金矿废石堆的6件样品进行矿物学、地球化学分析,利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜、透射电镜对其进行矿物组成、矿物表面显微形貌观察和成分分析.样品中原生矿物主要包括黄铁矿、闪锌矿和石英等,次生矿物主要包含伊利石、钠长石、针铁矿、褐铁矿、赤铁矿、黄钾铁矾等.次生矿物的形成与环境中生物的作用密切相关,在不同的条件下,黄铁矿暴露在矿山环境中,经氧化、储存形成各种形态、不同类别(Fe的硫酸盐类、Fe的氧化物/氢氧化物类)的次生矿物.此过程对形成AMD及重金属元素As的释放造成环境污染起了很大的作用.Abandoned mine-waste dump pose potential environmental hazards. The oxidation of sulfide is the main contributor to the acidification and heavy metal pollution in mine tailings. Therefore, determining which minerals are present , the origin and distribution as well as the cause of formation of the waste ores, understanding the chemical heterogeneity provide evidences for which minerals （control the acidification of water and which soluble minerals contain metals that could be released. Our studies were focused on the mineralogy and geochemistry for six samples originated from the mine-waste dump of the Shizishan sulfide mine in Tongling, Anhui. We carried out XRD, SEM-EDS and TEM analysis to determine the component of the minerals present in the altering waste ores and the morphological features of minerals surface and their element heterogeneity. The major authigenic minerals identified are represented by pyrite, sphalerite and quartz, the secondary minerals are represented by illite, albite, goethite, limonite, hematite and jarosite. Secondary highly complex Fe-minerals are generated from microbial activity. Under different environment and during exposure or storage, pyrite was oxidized to varies of morphological features and sorts （the sulphates minerals and the oxides and hydroxides minerals） of secondary minerals. This process plays a large role in the environmentally damaging phenomenon known as acid mine drainage and releasing of heavy metal As ions.

关 键 词：黄铁矿 废矿堆 SEM观察 TEM 环境 

分 类 号：P532[天文地球—古生物学与地层学]