自攻型骨外固定器骨钉钻孔性能的生物力学研究  

Biomechanical Study of Drilling by Self-tapping Bone Screw and External Fixator

作　　者：何向阳[1] 李平生[1] 王以进[2] 

机构地区：[1]南京军区福州总医院第一附属医院,福建莆田351100 [2]上海大学生物力学工程研究所,上海201800

出　　处：《医疗卫生装备》2013年第11期21-24,共4页Chinese Medical Equipment Journal

基　　金：南京军区"十一五"重点计划课题(07Z041)

摘　　要：目的:探讨自攻型骨钉(以下简称骨钉)借助外固定器上的攻丝圆孔在松质骨和皮质骨上钻孔的生物力学性能。方法:采集8具新样成人尸体胫骨标本,制作骨折模型,以胫骨远、近骨折段的外固定钉间距p-p(25、50、75、100 mm)和中间的骨折断端间距g(0、10 mm),依照2×4析因分组方法,共分为9组,测定骨钉旋入松质骨或皮质骨并穿透对侧骨皮质的扭力(穿透力F)、回弹力(G)和功耗(U)的大小,并行应力分析。结果:骨密度越高的骨质,螺钉旋入时力矩越大,反之,越小;用T字形套筒扳手可轻便地将骨钉旋入到骨质中并穿透对侧骨皮质。结论:骨钉对松质骨和皮质骨的钻孔扭力、回弹力和功耗存在差异,骨骼的骨密度(BMD)、个体差异等对骨钉钻孔的上述生物力学性能也存在差异;钉-钉间距的差异对上述生物力学性能无统计学意义(P>0.05),骨断端间距的差异对上述生物力学性能也无统计学意义(P>0.05)。Objective To discuss the biomechanical properties of drilling by a tapping bone screw and a tapping hole on a external fixator.Methods Totally 8 samples of adult cadaveric tibias were collected to make fracture model. With 2 ×4 factorial grouping method and the screw spacing p-p（25, 50, 75, 100 mm） in external fixation and broken ends of the fracture spacing g（0, 10 mm）, nine groups came into being, and the torque（penetrating F）, resilience（G） and power size（U） were measured when bone screw screwed into the cancellous bone and cortical bone or penetrated the contralateral cortical bone. Results The bone mineral density increased with the screwing torque. With T shaped socket wrench, the bone screw could be conveniently screwed in to the bone and penetrate into the contralateral cortical bone. Conolusion The torque, elasticity and power size are different, when bone screw is drilled into cancellous bone or cortical bone. Bone mineral density（BMD） and individual differences are also different for the biomechanical properties of bone screw. The differences of screw-screw spacing have no statistical significance on the biomechanical properties（P〉0.05）. The difference of bone broken spacing also has no statistical significance on the biomechanical properties（P〉0.05）.

关 键 词：自攻型骨外固定器 钻孔 生物力学性能 

分 类 号：R318.01[医药卫生—生物医学工程] R687.3[医药卫生—基础医学]