深反射地震数据的噪音衰减方法综述  

Review of the noises attenuation of deep reflection seismic data

作　　者：朱小三[1] 高锐[1] 李秋生[1] 管烨[1] 卢占武[1] 王海燕[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国地质科学院地质研究所,北京100037

出　　处：《地球物理学进展》2013年第6期2878-2900,共23页Progress in Geophysics

基　　金：中国地质科学院地质研究所所长基金项目(编号:J1124);深部探测(SinoProbe)项目联合资助

摘　　要：深部地震反射资料是弱能量反射,如何更好地除去噪音并保留弱信号是资料处理中的棘手问题.本文概述了目前深反射地震资料的噪音衰减方法:如通过异常振幅噪音衰减来除去某一特定带宽内能量异常的振幅;利用自动识别区域异常振幅来压制地震道内的野值和强噪音从而改善资料的信噪比;利用随机噪音在一定的区域范围内遵循统计性规律对其进行除去;利用相关噪音衰减压制噪音,减少折射波和近地表的面波对反射信号的影响;利用地表一致性反褶积对地震子波进行平滑来压制噪音,提高地震资料的纵向分辨率;利用径向滤波来压制随机噪音和滤波倾角范围外的相关能量,提高反射信号的相关性.这样,有效地除去地震资料中的噪音,突出有效信号的能量,为更好地进行深反射地震资料的后续处理提供保障.It＇s very difficult to remove all the noises mixed with the signal of seismic data and keep most of reflection energy without changed due to the energy of deep reflection signal is very week. In this study several methods of reducing noises from deep reflection seismic data have been discussed in detail. Either anomalously large amplitudes or small ones can be removed using anomalous amplitude attenuation method. The anomalous amplitude process sequence can reduce the spikes and large amplitude noises in seismic data containing anomalous time zones and improve the ratio of signal versus noise. In order to enhance the coherent signal within a range of specified dip angles and suppress both random noise and coherent energy outside that range, the radial predictive filter method can summarize weightedly the adjacent traces which have been time variantly shifted to line up at the angle of maximum coherency. Surface-consistent deconvolution method can reduce the noise and improve the ration of signal versus noise in depth direction by smoothing the seismic wavelets. According to a certain statistics rules of seismic data, random noise can be removed by splitting the seismic data into its predictable part which contains the signal, and into its unpredictable part which contains most of random noise. It＇s very important to remove most of the noises in seismic data in efficient ways and improve the energy of signal, which provides the basis for the rest processing of deep reflection seismic data.

关 键 词：深反射地震资料 异常振幅衰竭 随机噪音 地表一致性反褶积 信噪比 

分 类 号：P315[天文地球—地震学]