数据域与成像域多次波压制方法对比  

Comparison of multiple attenuation methods in data domain and image domain

作　　者：李振春[1] 李志娜 郭书娟[2] 董烈乾 张敏[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国石油大学(华东)地球科学与技术学院,青岛266580 [2]中国石化石油物探技术研究院,南京211103

出　　处：《地球物理学进展》2013年第6期2901-2910,共10页Progress in Geophysics

基　　金：国家973计划(2011CB202402);国家自然科学基金(41104069);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(12CX04008A;14CX06017A)联合支持

摘　　要：目前的多次波压制方法按照实现域的不同可分为如下两类,第一类是在数据域实现多次波的压制,该类方法又可分为基于信号处理的滤波法和基于波动理论的预测相减法.基于信号处理的滤波法因其成本低而在工业生产中受到青睐,如Radon滤波去多次波,但是该类方法多次波压制精度较低,对复杂地下适应性差,基于波动理论的预测相减法则可以获得高精度的多次波压制结果,但是是以高计算成本为代价的,如SRME;第二类方法是在成像域实现多次波的压制,该方法可以有效的兼顾多次波压制精度和计算成本.本文首先对数据域与成像域多次波压制几种常用方法的原理进行了简要阐述,在此基础上对这两类方法多次波压制的效果进行了模型试算,通过对比可见这些方法各有所长,近些年发展的成像域多次波压制方法既能精确处理地下复杂的地震波场传播效应,同时又极大的降低了计算量,因此该技术不失为多次波压制技术的一个重要发展方向.All the time, the multiple problem has always been an important issue that puzzled seismic data processing, its existence seriously affects the authenticity of the seismic imaging and disturbs the accuracy of seismic data interpretation. At present, there are mainly two ways to deal with the multiples in seismic data processing, one is considering the complex wave field effect of multiples on primaries imaging, see it as noise to be suppressed; the other one is that considering the fact that multiples also contains a lot of information of the underground reflect interface, so dealing it with imaging to assist primaries imaging. So far, the multiple attenuation is the most common and mature technology. At present, according to the domain the multiples attenuation can be divided into the following two kinds, one kind is the methods completed in data domain, it also can be divided into filtering methods based on signal processing, and multiple prediction and subtraction methods based on wave theory. The filtering methods based on signal processing is popular in industrial production for its low cost, such as Radon transform multiple attenuation, but this kind of methods suppress multiples with low precision, and low suitability for the complex underground, while the multiple prediction and subtraction methods based on wave theory can gain high precision, but at the cost of high computing costs, such as SRME; the other kind is the methods completed in image domain. This kind of methods can effectively suppress the multiples at the same time cost low computation expense. In this paper, we discuss the theory of several multiple attenuation methods in data domain and in image domain. Numerical examples show that all these methods each has its strong point, the method of multiple attenuation in image domain can accurately handle the complex seismic wave propagation effect underground, and greatly reduce the computation cost, so this method can be regarded as an important development direction of multiple attenuation.

关 键 词：数据域 成像域 多次波压制 RADON变换 SRME ADCIGs 

分 类 号：P631[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]