不同分散剂对海水青鳉早期发育毒性影响的比较研究  

Comparative study on the toxicity of different dispersants to the early development of marine medaka( Oryzias melatigma)

作　　者：王赛男[1] 刘春艳[1] 穆景利[2] 靳非[2] 王菊英[2] 

机构地区：[1]辽宁师范大学化学化工学院,辽宁大连116029 [2]国家海洋局近岸海域生态环境重点实验室,国家海洋环境监测中心,辽宁大连116023

出　　处：《海洋环境科学》2013年第6期801-805,共5页Marine Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学青年基金(41106089);海洋公益性行业科研专项(201205012;201305002)

摘　　要：原油分散液(WAF)、添加化学分散剂的原油乳化液(CE-WAF)和添加生物分散剂的原油乳化液(BE-WAF)对海洋模式鱼种—海水青鳉鱼(Oryzias melastigma)早期发育25 d的毒性研究结果显示:制备液中总石油烃(THC)含量大小顺序为:BE-WAF(392.7±11.3 mg/L)>CE-WAF(223±6.7 mg/L)>WAF(11.37±1.3 mg/L);畸形率随三者暴露浓度的升高呈上升趋势,同浓度下CE-WAF和BE-WAF所引起的畸形率均显著高于WAF(P<0.05);WAF、CE-WAF和BE-WAF 25 d暴露的无效应浓度(NOEC)分别为3.8%、0.09%和0.21%;三者的蓝囊病指数(BSD)大小关系为:CE-WAF>BE-WAF>WAF;三者均可延长孵化时间;WAF各浓度组与空白对照相比均出现了对7-羟乙基试卤灵正脱乙基酶(EROD)活性诱导的倾向,而8 d的CE-WAF和11 d的BE-WAF与同一暴露时间的WAF相比,出现了先诱导后抑制的效应。In this study, toxicities of oil water-accommodated fractions （WAF）, chemically enhanced water-accommodated fractions （CE-WAF） and biological enhanced water-accommodated fractions（BE-WAF） to marine model fish,Oryzias melastigma, during its early-life developmental stage （25 d） was investigated. The results demonstrated that the sequence of the total petmleum concentra tions （THC） in the solutions was BE-WAF （392.7 ± 11.3 mg/L） 〉 CE-WAF （223 ± 6.7 mg/L） 〉 WAF （ 11.37 ± 1.3 mg/L）. De- formity rates tended to increase with increasing exposure concentrations of WAF, CE-WAF and BE-WAF. Furthermore, deformity rates caused by CE-WAF and BE-WAF were significantly higher than in WAF treatment （ P 〈 0.05 ）, under the same exposure concentra- tions. The corresponding no effect concentrations （NOEC） exposed to WAF, CE-WAF and BE-WAF （25 d） are 3.8% ,0.09% and 0.21%, respectively, blue sac disease index, which is an comprehensive evaluation of developmental malformations of fish embryos, demonstrated a sequence of CE-WAF 〉 BE-WAF 〉 WAF. These three chemicals can prolong hatching time of embryos. WAF exposed groups showed decreasing 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase（EROD） activities compared to the control,while CE-WAF （8 d） and BE- WAF （11 d） treatments were found in a mode of induction at the beginning followed by suppression, compared to WAF treatment with the same exposure.

关 键 词：海洋溢油 化学分散剂 生物分散剂 海水青鳉 发育毒性 

分 类 号：X55[环境科学与工程—环境工程]