海草生态系统与濒危海洋哺乳动物儒艮的相互关系  

Interactions between seagrass ecosystem and the endangered marine mammal dugong

作　　者：邱广龙[1,2,3] 周浩郎 覃秋荣 范航清 

机构地区：[1]广西红树林研究中心,广西北海536000 [2]中国科学院生态环境研究中心城市与区域生态国家重点实验室,北京100085 [3]广西红树林保护与利用重点实验室,广西北海536000 [4]广西合浦儒艮国家级自然保护区管理站,广西北海536000

出　　处：《海洋环境科学》2013年第6期970-974,共5页Marine Environmental Science

基　　金：广西北部湾重大专项项目(2010GXNSFE013003);国家海洋公益性行业科研专项(201005012);广西自然科学基金(桂科基0832030)

摘　　要：回顾了濒危动物儒艮(Dugong dugon)与其取食地海草生态系统的相互关系。在海草资源丰富的情况下,儒艮一般只主动进食海草,但对不同种类的海草也有不同偏好。尽管儒艮至少取食12种海草,但二药藻(Halodule uninervis)和喜盐草(Halophila ovalis)是儒艮最主要的食物来源。一旦海草床衰退,将对儒艮的生活史、繁殖生物学甚至能否存活产生重要影响。儒艮的取食加剧了海草床的空间异质化,改变了海草植物的形态、有性繁殖以及营养组成结构,改变了海草群落的种类组成以及演替序列,降低了海草床内底栖动物群落的生物多样性与密度,提高了海草床水体环境中的悬浮物含量。儒艮与海草床是一个相互影响的整体,应采用基于生态系统的观点、海岸带综合管理和跨边界管理的方法来进行保护和管理。We reviewed the interactions between the endangered mammal dugong（ Dugong dugon） and seagrass ecosystem in this ＇arti cle. In the situation which there are rich in seagrass resources, the dugong generally only graze on seagrass plants. Halodule uninervis and Halophila ovalis are dugong nmst preferred seagrass species among the 12 recoded grazed seagrass species. The losses of seagras ses impose significant impacts art dugong＇s life history, reproductive biology and even their survivals. The grazing of dugongs on seagrass ecosystem exacerbates the spatial heterogenization of seagrass beds, induces changes of composition of main components and morphology and reproductive biology of the grazed seagrass plants, alters species composition of seagrass community and their succes- sion series, decreases biodiversity and density of benthos within seagrass beds, raises levels of suspended sediments in sea water. We think dugong and seagrasses should be treated and protected as a inseparable whole. The theories and methods from ecosystem-based, the ICZM（lntegrated Coastal Zone Management） and cross-boundary management, can be referenced and applied in dugong and seagrasses＇conservation and administration.

关 键 词：动物一植物相互关系 草食作用 二药藻 喜盐藻 儒艮 海草床 

分 类 号：X37[环境科学与工程—环境工程]