海洛因依赖者对药物相关线索的注意偏向  

Attentional Bias for Drug Cues in Heroin Dependence

作　　者：杨玲[1] 张建勋[1] 赵鑫[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北师范大学心理学院,兰州730070

出　　处：《心理科学进展》2013年第12期2174-2183,共10页Advances in Psychological Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31360233;31300838);教育部人文社会科学研究一般项目(13YJC190032)资助

摘　　要：与其他线索相比,海洛因依赖者对药物相关线索具有优势注意倾向,即存在对药物相关线索的注意偏向。以注意偏向为核心解释的药物成瘾理论主要有诱因-易感化模型、认知加工模型和整合模型。成瘾Stroop任务和视觉探测任务是研究海洛因依赖者注意偏向的经典实验范式。已有研究发现,药物相关线索会攫取海洛因依赖者的注意,并引发持续性加工;注意偏向和药物渴求之间存在相关性,但两者之间究竟是否存在因果关系,目前尚无定论;海洛因使用引起的神经结构长期改变可能会导致海洛因依赖者的注意偏向很难随康复时间的延长而改善,但海洛因依赖者的不同临床特性对注意偏向具有极为复杂微妙的影响。未来可通过增加海洛因依赖者注意偏向神经机制的研究,探讨注意偏向与执行认知功能的关系,引入注意偏向训练等干预技术,进一步深化该领域的研究。Previous studies have shown that heroin dependence exhibit an attentional bias toward heroinrelated cues. In present article, we reviewed evidence regarding theoretical explanation, paradigm and researches in this field. Incentive-sensitization model, cognitive processing model, integration model may explain the attentional bias in heroin dependence. The paradigms include stroop task, probe-detection and so on. It was found that heroin-related stimuli have acquired attention-grabbing properties. Furthermore, those cues are selected for sustained attentive processing. Although several studies now reveal that attentional bias is related to heroin craving, it is still unknown the causal role of attentional bias and drug craving. The characteristic of attentional bias in heroin dependence become very complicated during detoxification treatment. Further research in this area should concentrate on the neural mechanisms of attentional bias, the relationship between attentional bias and executive cognitive functioning, and the clinical effectiveness of attentional bias training in heroin dependence.

关 键 词：海洛因依赖者 注意偏向 药物渴求 复吸 

分 类 号：B845[哲学宗教—心理学]