长期大量施肥增加设施菜田土壤可溶性有机氮淋溶风险  

Long-term heavy fertilization increases leaching risk of soil soluble organic nitrogen in vegetable greenhouse

作　　者：张宏威[1] 康凌云[2] 梁斌[1] 陈清[2] 李俊良[1] 严正娟[2] 

机构地区：[1]青岛农业大学资源与环境学院,青岛266109 [2]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100091

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2013年第21期99-107,共9页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31071858);"十二五"农村领域国家科技计划课题(2012BAD15B01-4)"极高氮磷投入种植体系的面源污染控制技术";公益性行业(农业)科研专项"农作物最佳养分管理技术研究与应用"(201103003)

摘　　要：可溶性有机氮比较活跃,在氮素转化和生态环境安全方面都有重要作用。该文研究了长期不同施肥处理（不施肥、施有机肥、传统施氮、优化施氮和秸秆还田）对设施菜田土壤矿质氮和可溶性有机氮含量及其在剖面累积的影响。结果表明,设施菜田土壤0-180 cm可溶性有机氮含量范围为29.1-88.9 mg/kg,占可溶性总氮的27%-50%;与不施肥处理相比,有机肥和氮肥的施用显著增加土壤可溶性有机氮的含量,并且随着化肥氮投入的增加可溶性有机氮含量也相应增加;其中,有机肥处理比不施肥处理可溶性有机氮在0-180 cm土层累积增加了1 132 kg/hm2,传统施氮比单施有机肥处理累计增加了1 505 kg/hm2,秸秆的施用显著降低土壤无机氮累积量,但是对可溶性有机氮没有影响。综上所述,可溶性有机氮是设施菜田氮素重要的损失形态,其对环境的影响值得关注。Soil soluble organic nitrogen（SSON） is labile and plays an important role in the nitrogen transformation. Along-term experiment started in Shouguang, Shandong Province in 2004.Since 2011 we have begun the study about soil soluble organic nitrogen. The optional solar greenhouse built in 1999 hadfive years continuous tomato planting prior to the trial, with double tomato cropping system（Winter-spring： February-June,Autumn-Winter： August-January next year）. Tomato varieties were chosen by farmers with a planting density about 35000 plants/hm2. There four treatment groups for the test： none nitrogen（NN）, organic manure nitrogen（MN）, traditional nitrogen（CN）, traditional nitrogen ＋ wheat straw（CN＋S）, optimization nitrogen（SN）,optimization nitrogen ＋ wheat straw（SN＋S）.Alkaline persulfate oxidation- UV spectrophotometric method was selected to determine the soluble organic nitrogen in the soil and conventional method to soil inorganic nitrogen and otherindicators.The0-30 cm soil samples were taken at the end of each month and 0-180 cm of soil samples were taken at the end of every season after harvest. The results show that the surface soil soluble organic nitrogen ranges from 8.2 to 24.0 mg/kg, 15.0 to 55.3 mg/kg, 20.0 to 86.5 mg/kg, 40.7 to 101.9 mg/kg for NN, MN, CN＋S and SN＋S, respectively. The average soluble nitrogen levels for the four test groups are 16.4, 34.2, 47.4,62.7 mg/kg The soluble nitrogen level in no nitrogen treatment group was significantly lower than the other three treatments. Compare to the no fertilization treatment, application of manure alone or combined with mineral nitrogen fertilizer significantly increased soil soluble organic nitrogen content, and a corresponding with the increase of mineral nitrogen fertilizer inputs. Organic fertilizer treatment increased SSON in the 0-180 cm by1132 kg/hm2than non-fertilizer treatments. The 0-180 cm soil layer SSON contents are in a order of CNSNMN NN. With the traditional nitrogen treatments, the 0-180 c

关 键 词：有机肥 淋溶 氮 番茄 可溶性有机氮 

分 类 号：S19[农业科学—农业基础科学] S158.5