双污泥反硝化除磷系统中氨氮容积负荷的优化  

Optimization of ammonium volumetric loading in two-sludge denitrifying phosphorus removal process

作　　者：刘青松[1] 彭永臻[1] 侯锋 张为堂[1] 刘晔[1] 王淑莹[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京工业大学北京市水质科学与水环境恢复重点实验室,北京100124 [2]北京北华清创环境科技有限公司,北京100124

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2013年第21期194-200,共7页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家863计划项目(2012AA063406);北京市教委科技创新平台项目

摘　　要：农村生活污水具有处理量小,分散,日变化系数大等特点,分散处理成为农村污水处理的首要选择。该研究采用AAO工艺与BAF组成的双污泥反硝化除磷系统（anaerobic anoxic oxic-biological aerated filter,AAO-BAF）处理农村生活污水,探讨了氨氮容积负荷对该系统BAF单元硝化性能及出水悬浮物（SS）的影响。通过改变水力负荷和有效滤料容积（即方式1和方式）2种方式,氨氮容积负荷在0.43-1.21 kg/（m3·d）之间变化。试验结果表明,随着氨氮容积负荷的增加,氨氮去除率呈现先缓慢降低后急剧减小的趋势,不同的是,出水SS对方式1（即水力负荷的变化）更敏感。当氨氮容积负荷在0.43-1.12 kg/（m3·d）时,氨氮去除率大于81%;当氨氮容积负荷大于1.12 kg/（m3·d）,氨氮去除率急剧降低,氨氮容积负荷为1.21 kg/（m3·d）,2种运行方式的氨氮去除率分别为65%和68%。当氨氮容积负荷小于0.74 kg/（m3·d）时,出水SS小于10 mg/L;当氨氮容积负荷大于0.74 kg/（m3·d）时,出水SS急剧增加,但方式1增加得更快,氨氮容积负荷增加到1.21 kg/（m3·d）时,方式1和方式2的出水SS分别为21.8和14.2 mg/L。所以,为保证BAF出水水质达到国家一级A排放标准,其氨氮容积负荷应小于0.74 kg/（m3·d）。The universal features of rural domestic wastewater were small quantity, scattered distribution, and great diurnal variation, etc. So it was difficult to centralize, treat, and reuse such wastewater. However,discharging such untreated rural domestic sewage with the characteristics of comparatively high nitrogen and phosphorus concentration to the environment brought about seriously eutrophication. Therefore, it was necessary to research and develop a treatment process which has the advantages of relatively high efficiency, less land occupied, investigated savings, and also easy management and maintenance for nutrient removal from the rural sewage. On the basis of these considerations above, an enhanced denitrifying phosphorus removal system, that is,a two-sludge process integrating anaerobic/anoxic/oxic（AAO） reactor with biological aerated filter（BAF）（ AAO-BAF for short）, was developed to treat domestic sewage, especially the decentralized sewage in rural areas. In this innovation system, the AAO unit, consisting of nine compartments in sequence, was used mainly for the removal of organic compounds and nutrients without ammonium oxidation, while the BAF unit was mainly responsible for nitrification. The BAF unit, an important component of the two-sludge system, was 1.8m in height and 10cm in diameter, with a light-weight ceramic filled in it. Nine sampling ports were placed along the BAF, marked as B1 to B9 from bottom to top in turn. In this study, a series of experiments were carried out to research the effect of the ammonium volumetric loading on nitrifying characteristics and effluent SS of the BAF. The ammonium volumetric loading, by changing the hydraulic loading（marked as mode 1） and adjusting the effective volume of the BAF unit（marked as mode 2）, was varied from 0.43 kg/（m3·d） to 1.2 kg/（m3·d）. Mode1 lasted for 90 d, during which hydraulic loading soared from 1.53 m3/（m2·h） to 4.37 m3/（m2·h）. Mode 2 ran for60 d, and during that period BAF effective volume decreased

关 键 词：农村地区 污水处理 氨 氮 双污泥反硝化除磷系统 容积负荷 水力负荷 

分 类 号：X703.1[环境科学与工程—环境工程]