不同指标轻小型喷灌机组配置优化  

Optimization of small-scale sprinkler irrigation systems for different indicators

作　　者：涂琴[1] 李红[1] 王新坤[1] 蔡彬[1] 庄金良 汪磊 

机构地区：[1]江苏大学流体机械工程技术研究中心,镇江212013 [2]江苏旺达喷灌机有限公司,金坛213223

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2013年第22期83-89,共7页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：863计划项目(2011AA100506);江苏省2011年度普通高校研究生科研创新计划(CXZZ11_0565);国家农业科技成果转化资金(2011GB2C100015);江苏省农业科技支撑计划(BE2010393)

摘　　要：为探究配置方式对喷灌机组整体性能的影响,明晰不同配置方式的特点,在前期调研的基础上,以轻小型灌溉机组4.4CP-45为例,分别以单位面积上资源消耗,如机组能耗、年费用及使用年限内总费用等为评价指标,结合实际使用配置方式,采用遗传算法,讨论平坡条件下配置不同喷头10PXH、15PY、20PY及40PY时的喷头数及管径等最优组合方式,并对每种配置方式的适用范围进行分析。研究结果表明,通过3个优化目标下机组最优配置方式的对比,较好地反映出每种配置方式的优劣,与实际使用方式吻合较好。配置40PY喷头时,机组单位能耗高,但年费用很低,适于抗旱或大田作物的灌溉;配置15PY喷头时,优化配置下的机组能耗比初始配置时降低7.3%,比配置20PY降低8.3%,同时各项费用都比较低,灌溉均匀性高,但移动时劳动强度较大,适于经济作物或植物幼苗的灌溉;配置20PY喷头时,机组总费用最低,为6284.8元/hm2,比初始配置降低15.4%。所有配置方式下能耗费、运行费分别占据机组年费用及总费用的主要部分,有必要通过配置优化或采用中低压喷头、改善管理以降低系统能耗。该研究可以为机组的合理设计、喷头选择及应用推广提供参考。The optimal design of a sprinkler irrigation system belongs to a class of large combinational optimization problems. It involves choosing the proper type and number of sprinklers and pipe diameters, and operating them at rational pressure heads according to the characteristics of pump and motor equipment. Theoretically, the optimization has rarely been addressed on the small-scale sprinkler irrigation systems compared to applications of the systems. Based on a survey done in cooperation with the factory, a small-scale sprinkler machine type 4.4CP-45 that can be equipped with fluidic sprinklers 10PXH, impact sprinklers 15PY, 20PY or 40PY, was taken as an example to investigate the impact of designs on the performances of system laid on a flat ground so that the characteristics of different designs involved can be summarized. The optimization models were built with three objective functions considering the resource consumptions per unit area irrigated, specific energy consumption, annual cost and total cost in a life cycle of the system separately subject to the constraints considering the pump-pipeline working conditions. The specific energy consumption here refers to the energy consumption per unit area with unit depth of water applied, and a static depreciation method was applied in the annual cost, while a dynamic method in the total cost. In the hydraulic calculation a back step method was introduced, and the optimization models were solved with genetic algorithms. Results show that： comparison of optimal designs under three objective functions will reflect the advantages and disadvantages of every scheme involved, which is in accordance with field practices and applications. When the irrigation system is equipped with one sprinkler typed 40PY, the specific energy consumption is high, and annual cost very low, so it＇s suitable for the irrigation of lands in serious drought or for the field crops. When equipped with 15 sprinklers typed 15PY, the specific energy consumption of the system under optimal design

关 键 词：优化 模型 喷灌机组 指标 能耗 

分 类 号：S277[农业科学—农业水土工程]