稻麦轮作条件下长期不同土壤管理对氮素肥力的影响  

THE LONG TERM IMPACT OF DIFFERENT SOIL MANAGEMENT ON NITROGEN FERTILITY IN RICE-BASED CROPPING SYSTEM

作　　者：高亚军[1] 黄东迈[2] 朱培立[2] 王志明[2] 李生秀[3] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学 [2]江苏省农科院土肥所,南京210014 [3]西北农林科技大学资源与环境科学系,陕西杨陵712100

出　　处：《土壤学报》2000年第4期456-463,共8页Acta Pedologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目!(批准号39430090);国家自然科学基金项目!(批准号33880537)

摘　　要：通过十二年的耕作和施肥长期定位试验研究表明，苏南太湖稻麦轮作地区，长期休闲的农田０～５ｃｍ土层最高含氮量可达２．８９％，休闲田结合每季耕翻，全氮含量下降，只及最高含氮量的７０％，保持在２％左右。无论免耕与否，不施肥土壤（０～５ｃｍ）全氮含量为最高含氮量的５０％左右，单施化肥时为５２％～５６％，猪粪＋化肥为６３％，秸秆十化肥为６３％～７０％。不同耕作处理对土壤全氮、氮素矿化势、生物量氮和矿质氮在土层中的分布及含量有明显的影响。施肥，特别是配施有机肥对土壤全氮和土壤供氮容量的影响大于耕作对其的影响。固定态铵的含量不仅与土壤中的粘土矿物有关，施肥对其也有影响。The influence of long-term application of fertilizers and tillage under conditions of 12-year rice-based cropping system on soil nitrogen fertility was studied on Taihu region of the south Jiangsu Province. The results showed that total N content in the soil layer of 0-- 5 cm reached 2.89%(M) in the long-term fallowed soil. The treatment of fallow in combination with plowing every crop season reduced total N content to 2%, occupying 70% of the M value. The total N content accounted for 50% of M value for the treatment without fertilizer, 52%~56% for chemical fertilizer treatment only, 63% for treatment of pig manure plus chemical fertilizer and 63%~ 70% for crop straw-chemical fertilizer treatment. The various tillage methods significantly affected contents and distribution of soil total N, mineralization potential of N, microbial biomass N and mineral N in the soil profile. As to soil total N content and N supply capacity, fertilization, especially the combination of chemical fertilizer and organic manure played a greater role than the tillage did. The content of mineral-fixed ammonium in soil was related not only to soil clay minerals but also to fertilization.

关 键 词：稻麦轮作 耕作方式 培肥制度 氮素肥力 土壤管理 生态农业 

分 类 号：S158.5[农业科学—土壤学]