黄丘区坡沟系统不同时间尺度下的侵蚀产沙特征  

Characteristics of soil erosion and sediment yield of hilly-gully system at different temporal scale in the loess region

作　　者：王玲玲[1,2] 姚文艺[2] 王文龙[1] 黄静[2,3] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学,陕西杨凌710021 [2]黄河水利委员会黄河水利科学研究院,河南郑州450003 [3]华北水利水电学院,河南郑州450011

出　　处：《水利学报》2013年第11期1347-1351,共5页Journal of Hydraulic Engineering

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)项目(2011CB403303);水利部公益性行业科研专项(201201081)

摘　　要：以黄土丘陵沟壑区桥沟流域坡沟系统为原型观测对象,利用流域内布设的不同地貌单元大型径流场定位观测设施,分析了坡沟系统不同地貌单元在年、次降雨时间尺度下的侵蚀产沙特征。结果表明,在年时间尺度上,不同地貌单元的侵蚀模数表现为:上半坡<下半坡<梁峁坡<沟谷坡<坡沟系统,水沙在不同地貌单元之间的传递中,径流输沙量往往小于径流输沙能力,径流侵蚀产生多少沙,就能输送多少沙;在次降雨时间尺度上,不同地貌单元侵蚀产沙的峰值可能出现在下半坡、沟谷坡或者坡沟系统,说明黄土丘陵沟壑区不仅在流域尺度上存在着非平衡输沙过程,在坡沟系统同样存在非平衡输沙现象。Temporal characteristics of soil erosion and sediment yield in different topographical units of the hilly-gully system in loess region were studied using Qiaogou watershed in that region as prototype for obser- vation and making use of the observation facilities therein including five large-scale field runoff plots, which located in different topographical units. Results show that for the annual scale, the erosion modulus of different topographical unit from low to high order is the top of hilly slope, the lower hilly slope, the hilly slope, the gully slope and the hilly-gully slope. And during the runoff and sediment transportation be- tween the different topographical units the sediment discharge always does not reach the sediment transport capacity. So, no matter how much sediment produced the runoff should transport that all. But for the single rainstorm event, the erosion modulus peak may appear in the lower hilly slope, or the gully slope or the hilly-gully slope. Such erosion distribution characteristics in the different topographical units show that in the hilly-gully region of the Loess Plateau, non-equilibrium sediment transport occur not only in the water- shed scale but also at the hilly-gully system.

关 键 词：侵蚀产沙 时间尺度 坡沟系统 黄丘区 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]