中国大学生就业匹配质量的影响因素探析  

The Factors related to Job-Match Quality of University Graduates in China

作　　者：代懋[1] 王子成[2] 杨伟国[3] 

机构地区：[1]北京航空航天大学公共管理学院 [2]暨南大学公共管理学院 [3]中国人民大学劳动人事学院

出　　处：《中国人口科学》2013年第6期113-123,128,共11页Chinese Journal of Population Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目"就业匹配与大学生就业促进"(09AZD038)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：文章从就业匹配的3个角度出发,探寻中国大学生就业匹配现状,并通过电子问卷调查方式搜集数据,采用Logit模型对中国大学生教育匹配、专业匹配和能力匹配的影响因素进行分析。结果发现,中国大学毕业生中,1/3教育过度,1/3专业不匹配,46%存在高能低配的情况。其中,教育匹配的主要影响因素可以归结于毕业生学历水平、成绩、学校的声誉、职业类型和单位规模等;专业本身、学校就业指导课、学校招聘信息渠道则可以有效地提高专业匹配程度;性别、学历、社会实践、找工作渠道会影响大学生能力匹配。在实证研究基础上,文章从毕业生和高校角度分别提出对策建议。The employment squeeze of university graduates in China has become increasingly serious.This paper analyses a sample from the Internet Questionnaire Survey of university graduates to characterise the job-match problem in China.This study uses logit model of job-match to analyze the factors of education-mismatch,major-mismatch and capacity-mismatch of university graduates in China.The study finds that 1/3 of the university graduates are overeducated,1/3 are with majors not fitting the jobs,and 46%are with capabilities exceeding the job requirements.The factors related to education-mismatching are educational background,grade,university's reputation,occupation type and firm scale.Certainly the major itself,employment guidance courses and recruitment information network in universities have positive impact on major-job match.Moreover,gender,education background,social practice and job search method can affect a student's capability of job match gready.Finally the study suggests not pursuing high academic qualifications without destination,improving career guidance in universities and having correct employment attitude.

关 键 词：大学生 就业匹配质量 教育过度 专业匹配 能力匹配 

分 类 号：G647.38[文化科学—高等教育学]