《鲁滨逊历险记》中的“利维坦”隐喻  

On the Metaphor of “Leviathan”in The Adventures of Robinson Crusoe

作　　者：周洁[1] 

机构地区：[1]海南大学人文传播学院,海南海口570228

出　　处：《海南大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2013年第6期47-53,共7页Journal of Hainan University （Humanities & Social Sciences）

基　　金：国家哲学社会科学基金重大课题"西方道德哲学通史研究"(12ZD122)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：鲁滨逊式的英国人优越感来自两方面,一是他们不断进取的技艺带来突飞猛进的器物进步所造就的船坚炮利之国力,二是其自恃合理的现代思想之尖锐力度。鲁滨逊手捧《圣经》、肩挎长枪的"拓疆者"形象,似乎是霍布斯的"利维坦"的象征。他之所以能够完成历史性的"创世",在于强行以现代"技艺-技术"征服原住民的同时,用基督教世界观取代其文化,实现将整个世界"大一统"到西方文明阴影下的隐秘运作。在鲁滨逊们的眼里,西方的历史即世界的历史。然而,西方造就的"利维坦"真是全人类的福音吗?The sense of superiority that the British like Robinson own comes from two aspects. One is the national power with the strong military force which results from the progress of weapons along with their continually advancing technology, and the other is the sharp strength of the modem thinking which they themselves consider quite reasonable. The image of Robinson, as a pioneer, who is holding Bible in his hands and carrying the guns on his shoulder seems to be the best symbol of Hobbes as ＂Leviathan＂. The reason why Robinson can bring his action of historical ＂creation＂ into success is that he, while conquering the aborigines compulsorily with the modem ＂art-technology＂, substitute their culture for the Christian worldview, thus realizing the secret operation that aims to unify the whole world into ＂a unity＂ under the shadow of the western civilization. In the eyes of the Robinsons, the western history is that of the world. Whereas, is ＂Leviathan＂ made by the west really the gospel of the whole world？

关 键 词：笛福 鲁滨逊 利维坦 技艺 权力 

分 类 号：I106.4[文学—世界文学]