废弃秸秆制备高效保水剂的研究  

The Research of High Aquasorb Prepared by Discarded Straw

作　　者：虞素飞[1] 宋新山[1] 

机构地区：[1]东华大学环境科学与工程学院,上海201620

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2013年第32期321-325,共5页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金："973"计划(2010CB951102);国家自然科学基金(51079028);上海市自然科学基金(10ZR1400300)

摘　　要：为了研究高效保水剂在大豆种植中的应用及其性质,在干旱土壤中,使其吸水倍率高效且无污染,提供大豆生长所需水分,以废弃秸秆为原料,丙烯酸、丙烯酰胺为接枝单体,过硫酸铵为引发剂,N,N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂,加入氯化钾,采用微波法合成大豆保水剂,能够有效应对农业干旱、增强大豆植株抗旱能力,降低干旱对大豆产量的影响。通过正交试验,研究了单体、引发剂、交联剂、氯化钾的添加量以及反应中和度对保水剂吸水率的影响,以及保水剂浸种对大豆出芽率的影响,保水剂在土壤中的降解速率。结果表明,该保水剂对大豆发芽初期的出芽率可提高15%左右,对成熟大豆植株,干旱情况下提供土壤中吸附水分从而可有效降低干旱对其损害。该保水剂可在土壤中缓慢降解,废物利用的同时降低环境污染。In order to research the character and the application of high aquasorb in soybean planting, make it has high water absorbency and pollution-free in drought soil to provide the water of soybean growth required, discarded straw as raw material, acrylic fabric and acrylamide as grafting monomer, ammonium persulfate as initiator, N,N＇ -methylene diacrylamide as crosslinber, muriate added, which mentioned above were used as the production of soybean aquasorb by microwave method. Soybean aquasorb had a great effect on the relief of agricultural drought and increasing the drought resistance of the soybean plant. Meanwhile, it could effectively decrease the influence of soybean yields caused by drought. According to orthogonal experiment, monomer, initiator, crosslinber, add content of muriate, the effect of reaction of neutralization degree on the water adsorption of aquasorb, the effect of the aquasorb soaker on soybean germination rate and degration rate of aquasorb in the soil were researched. The results indicated that： the aquasorb could increase by 15% to the germination in the initial period of soybean sprout. To moisture to the soil, could effectively reduced the harm mature soybean plant, providing hygroscopic of drought. The soybean aquasorb could degrade gradually in the soil, which could phase down the environmental pollution by making full use of the soybean aquasorb.

关 键 词：大豆保水剂 抗旱 微波合成 出芽率 降解 

分 类 号：X-1[环境科学与工程]