东北蒲公英花部综合征与繁育系统研究  

Floral Syndrome and Breeding System in Taraxacum ohwianum(Asteraceae)

作　　者：张建[1,2] 邢艳萍[1,2] 赵鑫[1,2] 吕双双[3] 吴志刚[1,2,4] 宁伟[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学园艺学院,沈阳110866 [2]东北野菜种质异位保存圃与鉴定中心,沈阳110866 [3]沈阳农业大学分析测试中心,沈阳110866 [4]辽宁农科院花卉研究所,沈阳110866

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2013年第33期214-219,共6页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家农业部野生植物资源保护资助项目"农业部东北野菜种质异位保存圃与鉴定中心"(农计发[2010]29号)

摘　　要：旨在确定东北蒲公英开花特性以及种子大量败育原因。采用野外观测、授粉实验与室内显微观测等方法对东北蒲公英(Taraxacum ohwianum)花部综合征以及繁育系统进行观测。东北蒲公英次级花粉呈现属于具主动花粉落置的花柱顶端呈现者,呈现机制为刷机制。东北蒲公英柱头形态变化为棒状→"Y"状→卷羊角状,柱头内侧花粉接受面具有饱满指状乳突,并渐次成熟。杂交指数≥4,判断繁育类型属于异交,部分自亲和,需要传粉者。P/O值约为5084,判断繁育类型属于专性异交。套袋和人工授粉试验表明东北蒲公英为专性异交生殖。东北蒲公英具有次级花粉呈现机制,柱头具有渐次发育特性,繁育类型为专性异交,这在蒲公英属植物中首次报道。The aims were to observe the floral syndrome and research the reason why seed abortive. Based on the field observations,hand-pollination experiments and indoor microscopic observations were taken to study floral syndrome and breeding system in Taraxacum ohwianum. The secondary pollen presentation was terminal stylar presenters and belongs to the brushing mechanism. The structure of the stigma of the flower changes from bar-like to Y-type and finally to curved Y-type,with the stigma development,pollination area increased gradually. The out-crossing index（OCI） was ≥4,according to criteria put forward by Dafni,the reproduction of T. ohwianum could be determined as out-crossing,partially self-compatible,and requiring pollinators during pollination. The P/O was approximately 5084; T. ohwianum was obligate xenogamy by Cruden＇s criterion. When the inflorescences were bagged,there were no fruits produced. Thus,T. ohwianum belonged to obligate xenogamy. T. ohwianum had the mechanism of secondary pollen presentation,stigma had gradual development characteristics,breeding type was obligate outcrossing,and this was the first report in Taraxacum.

关 键 词：东北蒲公英 花部综合征 雄性先熟 次级花粉呈现 柱头 渐次发育 

分 类 号：Q94[生物学—植物学]