煤矿区城市矿物气溶胶的SEM-EDX特征分析  

SEM-EDX characteristic analysis of mineral airborne particles in coal mine cites

作　　者：宋晓焱[1,2] 邵龙义[2] 宋建军[3] 曹连海[1] 

机构地区：[1]华北水利水电大学资源与环境学院,河南郑州450045 [2]中国矿业大学煤炭资源与安全开采国家重点实验室,北京100083 [3]河南省煤田地质局资源环境调查中心,河南郑州450003

出　　处：《岩石矿物学杂志》2013年第6期842-848,共7页Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973)项目(2013CB228503);国家自然科学基金(41105119);华北水利水电大学高层次人才科研启动基金

摘　　要：采集煤矿区城市义马、平顶山、永城夏季大气PM10样品,采用带能谱的扫描电镜(SEM-EDX)研究了PM10中的矿物颗粒组成、成因及来源。结果表明,矿区矿物颗粒按化学成分共有5种主要类型,分别为"富Si"、"富Ca"、"富S"、"富K"、"富Cl"型。其中平顶山地区"富Si"颗粒占百分比最高(78%),矿物颗粒硫酸盐化程度小;永城地区硫酸盐化程度中等,几乎所有的"富Ca"碱性碳酸盐颗粒都硫酸盐化成石膏;义马地区矿物硫酸盐化程度最大,除石膏以外,还有一定量硫酸铵形成。永城和义马地区还出现了一定量的"富K"(12.7%)和"富Cl"(10.6%)颗粒,与秸秆焚烧活动有关。通过对3个矿区城市PM10硫酸盐化程度对比可以发现,偏碱性的碳酸盐矿物、煤炭燃烧和秸秆焚烧燃烧释放出大量的酸性SO2以及较高的空气湿度,均有利于硫酸盐化的进行,硫酸盐颗粒的形成对煤矿区城市的区域性气候具有一定影响。PM10 samples were collected in summer in coal mine cities of Yima,Pingdingshan and Yongcheng,Henan Province.Scanning electron microscopy （SEM） equipped with X-ray Energy-dispersion spectroscopy （EDX） was employed to study composition,sources and origins of aerosol particles.The result indicates that,according to the chemical composition,aerosol particles can be divided into 5 kinds,i.e.,＂Si-rich＂,＂Ca-rich＂,＂S-rich＂,＂K-rich＂ and ＂Cl-rich＂ types.Samples from Pingdingshan have abundant Si-rich particles,and their mineral particles had the lowest sulfatization.Samples from Yongcheng had a moderate degree of sulfatization,and the alkaline ＂Ca-rich＂ carbonate particles were mostly altered into gypsum through sulfatization.Samples from Yima experienced a very high degree of sulfatization,and certain amounts of mascagnite were formed besides gypsum.In addition,quite a few ＂K-rich＂ and ＂Cl-rich＂ grains were found in Yima and Yongcheng samples,respectively,probably attributed to straw-burning activities.Based on the difference in the mineral and chemical composition of the PM10 samples,it is concluded that alkaline carbonate mineral,high sulfur coal,high SO2 concentration resulting from straw burning and relatively high air humidity are beneficial to sulfatization of mineral particles,and sulfate particles have an important effect on the regional climate of coal-mine cities.

关 键 词：PM10 矿物颗粒 单颗粒分析 煤矿区城市 

分 类 号：P575[天文地球—矿物学] P579[天文地球—地质学]