神经外科患者医院感染的危险因素及预防措施  

Risk factors for nosocomial infections in neurosurgery department patients and prevention measures

作　　者：李妍[1] 曾萍[2] 

机构地区：[1]新乡医学院第一附属医院神经外科,河南卫辉453100 [2]新乡医学院第一附属医院重症医学科,河南卫辉453100

出　　处：《中华医院感染学杂志》2013年第23期5714-5715,5726,共3页Chinese Journal of Nosocomiology

基　　金：河南省教育厅自然科学基金项目(12A320012)

摘　　要：目的分析神经外科病房患者医院感染的危险因素,为其医院感染的管理及预防提供理论依据。方法回顾性分析神经外科病房2010年12月-2012年12月收治的728例患者临床资料,统计分析患者医院感染的危险因素。结果 364例神经外科住院患者中共有68例发生医院感染,感染率为9.4%;其医院感染部位以呼吸道和泌尿道为主,分别占60.3%和23.5%,其次为颅内和胃肠道,分别占8.8%和4.4%;单因素χ2检验显示,年龄>40岁、住院时间>30d、有意识障碍患者医院感染发生率较高(P<0.05);医院感染患者侵入性操作(5.44±1.71)次,显著高于非感染患者的(2.53±1.21)次,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论神经外科患者医院感染主要部位是呼吸道和泌尿道,年龄、住院时间、意识障碍和侵入性操作是其医院感染的高危因素,积极采取相应的预防措施有利于降低医院感染的发生率。OBJECTIVE To investigate the risk factors for nosocomial infections in neurosurgery department patients so as to provide guidance for the prevention and control of the nosocomial infections. METHODS The clinical data of 728 cases of patients who were treated in the neurosurgery department wards from Dec 2010 to Dec 2012 were retrospectively analyzed, then the risk factors for the nosocomial infections were statistically analyzed. RESULTS Of totally 364 cases of hospitalized patients in the neurosurgery department, the nosocomial infections occurred in 68 cases with the infection rate of 9.4 %, among which 60.3 % had the respiratory tract infections and 23.5% had the urinary tract infections, 8. 8% the encephalic infections, 4.4% the gastrointestinal tract infec tions. The result of univariate chi-square test indicated that more than 40 years of age, hospitalization duration more than 30 days, and consciousness disturbance were the risk factors for the nosocomial infections （P〈0.05） the invasive operation times of the patients with nosocomial infections were （5.44 ± 1.71） times, significantly more than （2.53±1.21） times of the patients without nosocomial infections, the difference was significant （P〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION The respiratory tract and urinary tract are the major nosocomial infection sites of the patients in neurosurgery department; the age, hospitalization duration, consciousness disturbance, and invasive operation are the high risk factors for the nosocomial infections; the implementation of corresponding prevention measures may contribute to the reduction of incidence of nosocomial infections.

关 键 词：神经外科病房 医院感染 危险因素 预防措施 

分 类 号：R181.32[医药卫生—流行病学]