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出 处:《微波学报》2013年第5期139-144,共6页Journal of Microwaves
基 金:国家自然科学基金(61372034)
摘 要:由于在超宽频带范围内具有良好的圆极化特性,平面螺旋天线在现代通信领域的应用越来越广泛,但是其在低频工作时的大尺寸决定平面螺旋天线在未来的应用中必须实现小型化。平面螺旋天线的小型化分为口径面积的小型化和剖面的小型化。本文归纳总结了前人在平面螺旋天线小型化方面的方式方法与我们在这方面的创新研究。口径面积的小型化方面,设计了正弦波曲折臂阿基米德螺旋天线、复合式平面螺旋天线及自补特性不变的臂宽渐削式阿基米德螺旋天线,分别获得63.6%、73.2%和73.1%的口径面积小型化。在剖面小型化方面,从一个全新的角度出发,解决了平面螺旋天线低剖面设计中面临的馈线长度问题,设计了低输入阻抗的平面螺旋结构及其相应的小型化结构,这两种结构在端口阻抗设为75Ω和50Ω时可获得较好的宽带匹配,它们的剖面深度分别是各自最大工作波长的15%和2.7%。Because of the good circular polarization in ultra-wide frequency range, the planar spiral antenna has been applied in modem communication more widely. But the big size at low operating frequency makes the planar spiral antenna be miniaturized in applications. The miniaturization of the planar spiral includes the miniaturization of aperture area and the miniaturization of the profile. The main methods for miniaturizing planar spiral antennas are concluded in this paper, on the basis of which some innovations are put forward. A sinuous meander Archimedean spiral antenna, a compound planar spiral antenna and an Archimedean spiral antenna with tapered arm-width and preserved self-complementarity are design for aper- ture miniaturization, and the reduction of aperture area are 63.6% ,73.2% ,73.1% respectively in comparison with the typi- cal ones that have the same lowest operating frequencies. An opinion is proposed to shorten the length of the feed line of the planar spiral antennas with low profiles. According to the theory about impedance conversion of the exponentially tapered mi- crostrip balun, the length of the balun can be shortened if the input impedance of the spiral antenna is small. So a new planar spiral structure with low input impedance and its transmutation for aperture miniaturization is proposed. The input impedances of the two structures can be set as 75 Ωand 50 Ω respectively for wideband matching. And the profiles of them are 15% and 2.7 % of the biggest operating wavelengths of themselves respectively.
关 键 词:平面阿基米德螺旋天线 平面等角螺旋天线 指数渐变微带巴仑 天线小型化
分 类 号:TN823.31[电子电信—信息与通信工程]
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