中国遗产旅游资源管理体制的历史演变、问题及改革路径研究  

The Evolution, Problems and Reform of the Chinese System of Heritage Tourism Management

作　　者：邹统钎 金川[1] 王晓梅[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京第二外国语学院旅游管理学院,北京100024 [2]中国遗产旅游研究中心,北京100024

出　　处：《资源科学》2013年第12期2325-2333,共9页Resources Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目:"十二五"时期中国遗产旅游资源管理战略研究"(编号:10BGL049);国家教育部人文社会科学研究课题规划项目:"中国遗产旅游可持续发展模式创新与体制改革"(编号:09YJA79009);北京市属高等学校高层次人才引进与培养计划项目--长城学者培养计划(编号:CIT&TCD20130302)

摘　　要：遗产的管理体制问题是国内遗产研究领域的热点,遗产究竟是中央集权还是属地分权、事业化管理还是企业化经营是争论的焦点。本文旨在全面梳理我国遗产旅游资源管理体制的发展历史,找出其中存在的问题,提出改革的目标和路径。结论如下:我国遗产旅游资源大致经历了一个由松散管理向规范化管理转变、由传统经营向多样化经营转变的历程;目前存在的问题主要是多头指导与属地管理导致的冲突,过度企业化经营产生的问题及遗产管理目标与管理者政府考核机制的不一致;管理体制改革的目标需是公益导向的;改革的障碍主要为遗产地居民过多与财政抽血机制;改革的方向需从多头交叉管理向一体分类管理转变;改革的路径为分级改革与政府考核制度改革。Heritage management systems have been hotly debated in heritage research. The focus of debate has been the question of whether the management of heritage should be centralized or territorially decentralized and whether heritage should be managed as a public institution or enterprise. This article comprehensively explores the history and evolution of Chinese management systems of heritage tourism with the aim of identifying inherent problems and proposing reform. The Chinese heritage management system has generally gone from an explorative stage to normalized and fast-growing stages, and from totally excluding the role of markets to one of diversified management. Heritage sites have gone from loose, traditional management to diversified, normalized management. The phenomenon of multi-channel management is pervasive. Inherent problems in the management system have negatively impacted the efficient functioning and management of heritage resources. Current problems include the controversy between multi-channel management and territorial management; problems caused by over-enterprise management; and the goals of heritage management not coinciding with the evaluation mechanism of managers and officials. The goal of management system reform should be oriented towards public welfare but the large number of residents in heritage sites and financial blood-drawing mechanisms are obstacles to change. The direction of management system reform should be from multi-channel and overlapping management to integrated and classified management targeting hierarchies and evaluation mechanisms of officials.

关 键 词：遗产旅游资源 管理体制 问题 改革路径 

分 类 号：F592.7[经济管理—旅游管理]