中国区域环境绩效动态差异及影响因素——考虑可变规模报酬和技术异质性的研究  

Dynamic Differences and Factors Affecting Regional Environmental Performance in China: Variable Return to Scale and Technology Heterogeneity

作　　者：国涓[1,2] 刘丰[1] 王维国[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]东北财经大学数学与数量经济学院,大连116025 [2]东北财经大学经济计量分析与预测研究中心,大连116025

出　　处：《资源科学》2013年第12期2444-2456,共13页Resources Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(编号:71171035);国家社科基金重大项目(编号:10zd&010);教育部人文社会科学研究青年项目(编号:13YJC790023);辽宁省教育厅人文社会科学重点研究基地专项项目(编号:ZJ2013045)

摘　　要：本文放宽规模报酬不变和决策单元技术相似性的假定,构建非径向区域潜在产出测量模型,深入探讨环境绩效的测量及对其影响因素的分解,并结合共同前沿ML指数测算环境绩效的动态变化,考察我国节能减排政策的有效性。实证结果表明,低能耗低排放区域的环境绩效均值最高,要素配置效率的改善有利于该区域环境绩效的提高;高能耗高排放区域及中能耗中排放区域环境绩效较低的主要原因是由于技术相对比较落后。在观测期间内,我国大部分省份要素配置效率得到改善,环境技术有所进步。尽管低能耗低排放区域环境技术进步显著,但由于高能耗高排放区域及中能耗中排放区域技术缺口较之相对扩大,使得我国环境绩效均值总体呈现负增长。加大节能减排力度的政策实施后,环境绩效有很大的提高,表明我国的环境保护政策具有显著作用。This paper relaxes the assumptions of constant returns to scale and technology similarity. We present a non-radical regional potential outputs measurement model based on the assumptions of variable returns to scale and technology heterogeneity. The proposed model can not only measure the value of environmental performance, but also decompose potential efficiency and analyze influencing factors. We combine the proposed model with a meta-frontier framework to measure dynamic changes in environmental performance and recognize the effectiveness of energy conservation and emission reduction policy. Empirical results show that average environmental performance of low energy consumption and low emission regions is greater than that of other regions, and increasing factors allocation efficiency promotes improvement in regional environmental performance. High and medium energy consumption and emission regions perform worse than low energy consumption and emission regions because the technology of high and medium regions lags behind low energy consumption and emission regions. Factors allocation efficiency was improved and environmental technology has been innovated to some extent among most provinces in China. Although environmental technology in low energy consumption and emission regions has been significantly improved, the environmental technology gap widens among low, medium and high energy consumption and emission regions. Therefore, the average environmental performance of China is negative growth over the study period. However, environmental performance is improved greatly when an improved energy conservation and emission reduction policy is implemented. This indicates that the environmental policy has a positive effect on environmental performance.

关 键 词：环境绩效 非期望产出 技术异质性 方向性距离函数 共同前沿曼奎斯特一伦伯格指数 

分 类 号：F062.2[经济管理—政治经济学] F224