华北平原不同种植模式的水氮利用  

Water and Nitrogen Utilization of Different Cropping Production Systems in North China Plain

作　　者：郭步庆[1] 陶洪斌[1] 盛耀辉[1] 王璞[1] Heike Knorzer Wilhelm Claupein 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学农学与生物技术学院,北京100193 [2]德国霍恩海姆大学作物生产研究所,斯图加特D-70593

出　　处：《玉米科学》2013年第6期95-100,106,共7页Journal of Maize Sciences

基　　金：“973”项目(2009CB118602);公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203031)

摘　　要：2007～2009年在河北省中国农业大学吴桥实验站进行两年的田间定位试验,试验设3个种植模式,分别为冬小麦-夏玉米一年两熟常规模式、春玉米一熟优化管理模式和冬小麦-夏玉米-春玉米两年三熟优化管理模式,探讨在华北地区通过调整种植模式的途径实现农业节水减氮的潜力。结果表明,冬小麦-夏玉米一年两熟常规模式(对照)具有显著产量优势,但水分利用率和氮肥利用率均较低,水氮浪费较为严重,不利于华北平原地区农业的可持续发展;与对照相比,春玉米一熟模式水氮消耗量最小,水氮利用率均显著提高,具有良好的环境效应,但其产量降低较多,不适宜在生产中单独推广;两年三熟模式两年总灌溉用水量降低了63%,氮肥用量降低了75%,产量降低了21%,节水减氮效果明显,水氮利用效率显著提高,该模式进一步完善后可适当推广。A two-year field trial was carried out in wuqiao experimental station in Hebei province from 2007 to 2009. The objective was to estimate the water-saving and nitrogen-fertilizer reduction potential through adjusting cropping production systems in North China Plain（NCP）. Three treatments were conducted winter wheat - summer maize double cropping production system with farmer＇s practice（T1）, winter wheat-summer maize and spring maize rotation（three harvests in two years） with optimal input（T2）, and continuing spring maize system with optimal input（T3）. The results showed that T1 had advantage in kernel yield, but it consumed huge amount of groundwater and nitro-gen-fertilizer,and the water and nitrogen use efficiency were lower. In continuing spring maize system, no irrigation and the least amount of nitrogen-fertilizer were applied. Water and nitrogen use efficiency raised notably, but it is not recommended due to the much lower kernel yield than T1. Compared with T1, the kernel yield was reduced by 21%, while the amount of irrigation water and nitrogen-fertilizer were reduced by 63%and 75%separately in T2 system, and water and nitrogen use efficiency were significantly higher than T1. It will be more valuable in application and popularization.

关 键 词：玉米 种植模式 水分利用效率 氮肥利用效率 

分 类 号：S513.062[农业科学—作物学]