濒危野生白花兜兰植物生态适应性研究  

Research on Endangered Species of Wild Paphiopedilum emersonii's Ecological Adaptability

作　　者：覃龙江[1] 刘绍飞[1] 欧忠喜[1] 莫家伟[1] 蒙惠理[1] 

机构地区：[1]贵州茂兰国家级自然保护区管理局,贵州荔波558400

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2013年第25期10226-10229,10235,共5页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：贵州省科技厅科技基金项目(黔科合J字[2011]2131号)

摘　　要：[目的]揭示濒危野生白花兜兰植物生态适应性、生境特性.[方法]在2012年1月至2013年6月期间,采用P-2200温湿度数据记录器、DL-LOGGER型号HJX-RZ1编号0046602S01日照时数记录仪和M0DEL-ZDS-10照度计对原生境定期定点连续观测,采集其周围环境的土壤和石灰岩样品,观测、记录植株生长状况和物候期信息.[结果]白花兜兰植物原生境年平均气温15.49℃,最低气温-0.38℃,最高气温为29.5℃,平均相对湿度92.7％,最低33.49％;1月气温0.22 ～ 13℃,相对湿度92％,2月气温6～15℃,湿度85％以上,3月气温14℃以上,4、5、6月气温10 ～21℃,7、8和9月气温21 ～ 28℃,湿度96.2％,10、11、12、翌年1月由20℃下降到-0.38℃,平均湿度92％;日气温呈早低中高晚稳特点,湿度则随着太阳辐射强度和温度的升高下降,温度、湿度二者夜间趋势基本相似,波动性小,太阳辐射值为0;≥120 W/m2年总累计日照时数175 min,日照有效百分率0.006 67％,最高值273 W/m2,光照度≤1 720 lx;初花期为2月下旬至3月中旬,盛花期为4月下旬至5月初,始花期为5月上旬至6月初;生境基质的各种元素含量大小顺序为钙＞镁＞硅＞铝＞铁＞磷＞锰＞锌＞锶＞镍＞铅＞铜.[结论]白花兜兰生境太阳辐射和日照时数与生境的森林郁闭度、坡向和地形密切相关,其日照时数仅为2.92h,且太阳辐射强度≥120 W/m2集中于白花兜兰花期季节,最高值273,是一种非常特殊的阴性植物.白花兜兰原生境空气温度和相对湿度特征与其特殊的喀斯特小生境有密切关系.其分布及生长于喀斯特岩石、悬崖与基质营养物质有关.[Objective] The research aimed to reveal endangered wild Paphiopedilum emersonii plant ecological adaptation and habitat characteristics.[Method] From January 2012 to June 2013,using TP-2200 temperature and humidity data logger,DL-LOGGER Model HJX-RZ1 Number 0046602S01 sunshine recorders and M0DEL-ZDS-10 illuminometer,the original habitat was observed regularly,and its surroundings and limestone soil sample were collected and measured,as well as detail observational records of plant growth conditions and phenological observation and analysis of information.[Result] Paphiopedilum emersonii in situ average annual temperature was 15.49 ℃,the lowest temperature was-0.38 ℃,maximum temperature was 29.5 ℃,average relative humidity was 92.7％,and the lowest was 33.49％.The temperature in January was 0.22-13 ℃,and relative humidity was 92％.The temperature in February was 6-15 ℃,and the humidity was above 85％.The temperature in March was above 14 ℃.The temperature in 4,5,6 was 10-21 ℃,the temperatures in 7,8,9 was 21-28 ℃,and the humidity was 96.2％,The temperature in 10,11,12 and 1 in the following year fell from 20 ℃ to 0.38 ℃,and the average humidity was 92％.The temperature showed the trend of day low,medium high,and early evening stable characteristics.Along with the increase of solar radiation intensity and temperature,humidity dropped.The trends of temperature and humidity were similar in the night,volatility was small,and the solar radiation was 0.≥ 120 W/m2 total cumulative annual sunshine hours was 175 minutes,sunshine percentage was 0.006 67％,the highest value was 273 W/m,and light intensity was ≤ 1 720 lx.Early flowering was in late February to March,mid-flowering was in late April to early May,and before flowering was in early May to early June.The order of various elements in habitat matrix was Ca ＞ Mg ＞ Si ＞Al ＞ Fe ＞ P ＞ Mn ＞ Zn ＞ Sr ＞ Ni ＞ Pb ＞ Cu.[Conclusion] Paphiopedilum emersonii habitats solar radiation,sunshine hours,habitat forest canopy density

关 键 词：白花兜兰 生态适应性 研究 

分 类 号：S682[农业科学—观赏园艺]