微润灌溉对日光温室番茄生长及水分利用效率的影响  

Effects of the tomato growth and water use efficiency in sunlight greenhouse by moistube-irrigation

作　　者：薛万来[1] 牛文全[1,2] 张子卓[3] 张珂萌 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [3]西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2013年第6期61-66,共6页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：国家高技术研究发展技术(863计划)"低能耗微灌技术与产品"(2011AA100507)

摘　　要：在日光玻璃温室内,通过微润灌溉和滴灌的对比试验,来研究微润灌溉这项新型灌水方式对番茄生长及水分利用率的影响。研究结果表明:滴灌处理土壤水分的动态变化大于微润灌溉,滴灌处理最大变幅达60.9%,微润灌处理含水量基本维持在20%左右;至生育期末,微润灌溉处理株高、茎粗比滴灌处理分别高6.36%、3.11%,微润灌溉更有利于植物生长;同时两种处理番茄的光合速率日变化呈近似双峰曲线,叶片的蒸腾速率和气孔导度日变化呈单峰曲线;滴灌处理的折算产量为98 654.45 kg·hm-2,微润灌溉处理的折算产量为99 142.25kg·hm-2,水分利用效率滴灌为53.33 kg·m-3,微润灌溉为60.42 kg·m-3,无论是单位面积产量还是水分利用,微润灌溉处理都优于滴灌处理;两种灌水方式下,番茄的耗水规律较为相似,但滴灌处理番茄的耗水量大于微润灌溉处理。A comparative test between moistube-irrigation and drip irrigation was conducted to study the effect of the tomato growth and water use efficiency in sunlight greenhouse by the new irrigation method of moistube-irrigation .The re-sulted showed that：The dynamic change of soil moisture by drip irrigation was more than the moistube-irrigation,the maximal amplitude of variation of drip irrigation has reached 60 .9%,but the soil moisture by the moistube-irrigation was basically maintained about 20%.Up to the end of growing season,the plant height and stem diameter by the moistube-irrigation was higher than drip irrigation 6 .36%and 3 .1 1%respectively,so the moistube-irrigation was more favor to plant growth .Meanwhile the daily variation of the tomato photosynthetic rate by two treatments was similar to bimodal curve,the leaf transpiration rate and daily change of the stomatal conductance was shown a single peak curve .The crop yield of drip irrigation was 98 654 .45 kg·hm-2 and for moistube-irrigation was 99 142 .25 kg·hm-2 .For the water use efficiency,drip irrigation and moistube-irrigation was 53 .33 kg·m-3 and 60 .42 kg·m-3 respectively,so whether the yield or the water use efficiency,the moistube-irrigation was total better than the drip irrigation theatment .Under these two irrigation methods,the water consumption rules were rather,but the water consumption by the drip irrigation was big-ger than the moistube-irrigation .

关 键 词：微润灌溉 番茄 生长 水分利用率 滴灌 日光温室 

分 类 号：S275.4[农业科学—农业水土工程]