氮肥与作物秸秆配施对小麦生长及氮素利用的影响  

Effects of nitrogen fertilizer and its combination with different crop straws on growth and nitrogen utilization of wheat

作　　者：张袁[1] 马乐乐[1] 赵伟[1] 周建斌[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院/农业部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2013年第6期95-98,120,共5页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：国家"十二五"科技支撑计划课题(2012BAD15B04);国家自然科学基金(40571087)

摘　　要：通过盆栽试验研究了氮肥及其与不同作物秸秆配施对冬小麦生物量、籽粒产量以及氮素吸收利用的影响。本试验共8个处理,不施肥对照(CK)、单施尿素(100%U,150 mg·kg-1)、尿素+大豆秸秆(UB)、尿素+玉米秸秆(UM)、120%尿素+玉米秸秆(120%UM)、110%尿素+大豆秸秆+玉米秸秆(110%UBM)、100%尿素+大豆秸秆+玉米秸秆(100%UBM)和80%尿素+大豆秸秆+玉米秸秆(80%UBM),其中玉米秸秆及大豆秸秆的用量均为2g·kg-1。结果表明,在返青期,U处理小麦生物量显著高于尿素与秸秆配施各处理。收获期,尿素用量相同的处理相比,秸秆与尿素配施处理的小麦生物量均高于U处理,但差异均未达显著水平;UM和UBM处理小麦籽粒产量均显著高于U处理;降低氮肥用量(80%UBM)小麦籽粒产量与U处理相比,无显著差异;尿素与一种秸秆配施处理小麦氮素利用率均高于单施尿素处理和尿素与两种秸秆配施处理。说明尿素配施秸秆有利于提高小麦生物量、籽粒产量和氮素利用率。The influences of N fertilizer and its combination with different crop straws on the biomass,grain yield and nitrogen uptake of winter-wheat were researched with pot experiment .There were eight treatments in the study：no fertilizer （CK）,urea （U,150 mg·kg-1 soil）,urea＋soybean straw （UB）,urea＋maize straw （UM）,120%urea＋maize straw （120%UM）,1 10%urea＋soybean straw＋maize straw （1 10%UBM）,100%urea＋soybean straw＋maize straw （100%UBM）and 80%urea＋soybean straw＋maize straw （80%UBM）,in which the application rates of soybean straw and maize straw were equally 2 g·kg-1 soil .The results showed that,at returning green stage,the wheat biomass in the U treatment was significantly higher than that in the treatments of urea combined with different straws;at harvest stage,the wheat biomass in the treatments of urea combined with different straws was higher than that in the urea treat-ments with the same application rate,however,the difference was not significant .The grain yield in both the UM treat-ment and UBM treatment was higher than that in the U treatment .There was no significant difference of grain yield be-tween the 80%UBM treatment and U treatment .The nitrogen use efficiency in the treatments of urea combined with sin-gle straw was generally higher than that in the treatments of urea or urea combined with double straws .It was concluded that the application of urea combined with straw could increase the biomass and grain yield of wheat as well as the nitro-gen use efficiency .

关 键 词：氮肥 玉米秸秆 大豆秸秆 小麦生物量 小麦产量 氮素利用率 

分 类 号：S143.1[农业科学—肥料学] S512.11[农业科学—农业基础科学]