基于遥感反演的莱州湾悬沙分布及其沉积动力分析  

The transportation and deposition of suspended sediment and its dynamic mechanism analysis based on Landsat images in the Laizhou Bay

作　　者：刘艳霞[1] 黄海军[1] 杨晓阳[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院海洋研究所中国科学院海洋地质与环境重点实验室,山东青岛266071 [2]黄河水利委员会黄河河口研究所,山东东营257091

出　　处：《海洋学报》2013年第6期43-53,共11页

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向性项目(KZCX2-EW-207);国家自然科学基金项目(41276082;41076031;41106041;40706035)

摘　　要：选用1986-2004年不同时期的LandsatTM/ETM+影像,利用2004年黄河口附近实测数据推导的表层悬浮泥沙浓度反演模型,结合水文气象资料、多年水深数据和极端天气数模结果,研究了莱州湾西南近岸海域表层悬浮泥沙分布特征,结果表明,受黄河丰枯水期的影响,莱州湾西南部海域悬浮泥沙高浓度区主要分布于黄河口附近海域和西南沿岸,其枯水期的覆盖范围一般大于丰水期的。受潮流高流速场控制,黄河口外悬沙浓度高值区与海底泥沙堆积区对应较好,泥沙主要来源于陆源输沙和泥沙再悬浮;在西南近岸浅海区悬沙浓度高值区主要形成于泥沙的再悬浮,在近岸出现轻微冲刷。风等其他海洋动力因素,一般情况下对悬浮泥沙扩散的程度和范围具有一定的影响作用,但悬沙受潮流场影响而形成的总体扩散趋势未发生改变;极端条件下,风暴潮流使莱州湾西南部近岸浅海区的悬浮泥沙浓度显著增加。A suspended sediment concentration（SSC） is retrieved from the Landsat images during 1986--2004 in the Laizhou Bay of Shandong Province, China using the model that is established according to the field measure ment data off the Huanghe River mouth. The transportation, distribution and deposition of the suspended sedi ment are estimated in the Laizhou Bay. The relationships between the distribution of suspended sediment and the change of submarine topography and ocean dynamic are also discussed, the combination of hydrological and meteor ological data, depth measurement data and the numerical simulation results of extreme weather in the southwest area of the Laizhou Bay. The results show that the zone of turbidity maximum is inferred in the Huanghe River mouth and near the southwest shore of the Laizhou Bay, and the turbid water during low discharge period covers a much larger area than in the flood season. Ahigher current velocity field off the Huanghe River mouth is companied usually with the higher magnitude of the SSC. The suspended sediment mainly originates from river discharge and resuspension near the Huanghe River mouth. However, the zone of turbidity maximum near the southwest shore primarily caused by the resuspension of the bottom surface sediments induced by tidal currents. The water/sediment discharge from the Huanghe River controlls the magnitude of the SSC, and the distribution of SSC caused by wind and spring--neap tidal cycle is usually smaller than the SSC variations caused by tidal current fields. In the extreme weather condition, the SSC increases significantly in the shallow coastal areas of the southwest Laizhou Bay.

关 键 词：遥感反射率 莱州湾 黄河口 悬沙含量 海底冲淤 

分 类 号：P736.21[天文地球—海洋地质]