水泥历史建筑的加固材料研究初探  

Preliminary study on consolidation materials for historical cement buildings

作　　者：张晖[1] 王晶鑫[2] 徐征[3] 姜辉[2] 张秉坚[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学文物与博物馆学系,浙江杭州310028 [2]电子科技大学应用化学系,四川成都611731 [3]杭州师范大学有机硅化学及材料技术教育部重点实验室,浙江杭州310036

出　　处：《文物保护与考古科学》2013年第4期89-95,共7页Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology

基　　金：浙江省文物保护科技项目资助(2011006)

摘　　要：我国现存大量的以水泥为基本材料的近现代历史建筑,很多建筑既具有西方建筑美学特征,又融合了中国传统建筑的艺术形态,具有不可替代的历史意义和艺术价值。在长时间的自然和人为因素的影响下,这些建筑都普遍存在内部结构疏松、强度低的状况,保护这些水泥历史建筑已经成为文物保护工作者一项非常迫切的任务。在水分的长期作用下,水泥内部的微孔结构会由于钙质流失而遭到破坏,产生水泥的酥化现象。为加固保护这类历史建筑,本研究合成了一种亲水性高拉伸的有机硅材料。研究表明,该材料能在不明显改变水泥样品表面外观的前提下实现对酥化水泥样品的加固,经有机硅最佳浓度2%加固后的水泥样品的抗压强度可以提升约1倍。同时,这种加固材料在前期施工阶段具有良好的渗透性,加固剂固化后能够有效填补酥化水泥样品中的较大孔隙,从而达到增加强度的效果。另外,这种加固剂具有亲水性的特征,一方面不会存在强憎水性保护剂所带来的保护性破坏,另一方面在大面积现场施工时不需要使用大量有机溶剂,从而避免其对环境和人体的伤害。本研究对于进一步探索和开发水泥历史建筑的加固材料具有重要的借鉴意义。There are modern historical cement buildings in many cities all around the country. Many of these build- ings have both the western architectural aesthetic features and Chinese traditional art forms. Many have irreplacea- ble historical significance and artistic value. Due to long - term natural factors and human activities, the inner structures of some of these buildings are loose and weak. Protection of these historical cement buildings is a very urgent task. Because of the long term effects of moisture, sulfur dioxide in the air, etc. , the calcium - containing components of the cement can dissolve resulting in porous structures formed which can further deteriorate. In this study a hydrophilic organo -silicon material with good tensile properties was used to consolidate and protect histori- cal cement buildings. The compressive strength of cements consolidated by this material can be doubled. At the same time, this material has good permeability, and the surface appearance of the cement samples is almost unchanged. SEM pictures show that the porosity of consolidated sample decreased significantly compared with the untreated ones since the consolidation material can effectively fill the large pores. In addition, this material is rela- tively more hydrophilic than other polymeric organosilicon materials, hence the preservation damage is less likely to occur than in the case of buildings treated with strong water - repellent protective agents. Furthermore, this material is ＂green＂ and environment- friendly because it does not require large amounts of organic solvents. This study has important implications for further exploration and development of cement historic building consolidation materials.

关 键 词：水泥历史建筑 酥化 加固 亲水性 高拉伸 有机硅材料 

分 类 号：K85[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]