社区感染常见细菌对头孢拉定及其它抗菌药物体外药敏测试结果与评价  

Resistance surveillance of community infection strains to cefradine and other antimicrobial agents

作　　者：胡必杰[1] 何礼贤[1] 周春妹[1] 孔海琛[2] 杨仁洪 宋秀兰 严子禾[5] 贾漫琳 周昭彦[1] 倪才妹[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海医科大学附属中山医院,200032 [2]浙江大学第一医院 [3]苏州医学院附属医院 [4]嘉兴市第一人民医院 [5]无锡市第二人民医院

出　　处：《中国实用内科杂志》2000年第12期742-745,共4页Chinese Journal of Practical Internal Medicine

摘　　要：目的　了解头孢拉定及其它常用抗菌药物对社区感染常见病原菌的抗菌活性。方法　收集江、浙、沪5家医院临床分离的常见社区感染病原菌 ,测定它们对头孢拉定等常用抗菌药物的耐药性。结果　 497株分离菌株对头孢拉定的耐药率仅为 17 5 % ,明显低于受试的其它抗菌药物 (2 4 3 %～ 5 0 7% )。对 10 0株甲氧西林敏感葡萄球菌的耐药率仅 4 0 % ,远低于常用的环丙沙星 (2 0 0 % )、复方SMZ(2 9 0 % )、红霉素 (4 9 0 % )和青霉素(85 0 % )。 2 0 5株肠杆菌科细菌对头孢拉定的耐药率升高 ,为 2 2 9% ,但低于庆大霉素 (2 5 9% )、环丙沙星(35 6 % )、复方SMZ(4 9 8% )和氨苄西林 (6 5 9% )。其它常见病原菌包括肺炎链球菌、其它链球菌、嗜血杆菌对头孢拉定的耐药率分别为 2 3 3 %、16 0 %和 2 0 6 %。结论　头孢拉定对许多常见社区感染菌株具有良好的抗菌活性 ,不失为治疗轻、中度社区感染特别是呼吸道感染的常用药物。Objective\ To describe and compare the resistance of community infection strains to cefradine and other 7 antimicrobial agents.Methods\ Antimicrobial susceptibility of 497 Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria isolated from community infections in 5 hospitals in Shanghai,Zhejiang and Jiangsu provinces was measured to cefradine and other 7 antimicrobial agents with disc diffusion method.Results\ The total resistance rate of 497 strains to cefradine was 17.5%,significantly lower than that to other antimicrobial agents(24.3%～50.7%).Resistance rate of 100 methecillin sensitive Staphylococci to cefradine was 4.0%,much lower than that to ciprofloxacin(20.0%),sulphamethoxazole(29.0%),erythromycin(49.0%)and penicillin(85.0%).Resistance rate of 205 Enterobacteriaceae strains to cefradine was higher(22.9%),but it was still lower than gentamicin(25.9%),ciprofloxacin(35.6%),sulphamethoxazole(49.8%)and ampicillin(65.9%).Resistance rate to cefradine in other common pathogens including Streptococcus pneumoniae,other Streptococcus spp.and Haemophilus spp.was 23.3%,16.0% and 20.6%,respectively.Conclusion\ Cefradine has satisfactory antimicrobial activity to many community infection strains,which means that it can still be used as an alternative drug in treating mild to moderate community infections,especially respiratory tract infections.

关 键 词：头孢拉定 抗生素 社区感染 细菌耐药性 药敏试验 

分 类 号：R978.11[医药卫生—药品]