从绝对主义到相对主义:共同加害行为连带责任的承担  

From Absolutism to Relativism:Bearing Joint and Several Liability of Joint Tort

作　　者：杨会[1] 

机构地区：[1]天津师范大学法学院,天津300387

出　　处：《吉首大学学报（社会科学版）》2013年第6期82-91,共10页Journal of Jishou University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(09BFX040)

摘　　要：关于共同加害行为人承担的连带责任,通说的观点是绝对主义连带责任。它存在社会效率缺失、司法权威丧失、内部矛盾激化、司法腐败滋生等弊端。基于利益平衡的考虑,共同加害行为连带责任要在价值取向上做出改变,从只考虑受害人利益的绝对主义,转向既考虑到受害人利益也考虑共同加害行为人利益和社会利益的相对主义。在指导思想上,相对主义连带责任应当内外纠纷一并解决,尽量避免共同加害行为人之间的追偿,让受害人承担程序上的不利益。在制度设计上,受害人应当起诉全体共同加害行为人;共同加害行为人在承担责任上应当"先自己后他人";受害人免除部分共同加害行为人的责任产生相对效力;受害人与部分共同加害行为人和解也产生相对效力。Now the common view on joint and several liability for the joint tortfeasors is the absolutism joint and several liability,which has many disadvantages such as lack of social efficiency, loss of judicial authority, intensification of internal contradiction, and breeding of judicial corruption. Considering interest balance, value orientation of joint and several liability should be changed from absolutism to rela- tivism, which also pays attention to tortfeasors~ interest and social interest. The guiding principle of rela- tive joint and several liability is to settle internal and external disputes together,avoid recovery between tortfeasors,and let victim bear adverse consequences of process. As to the system design, the victim should claim and sue all the tortfeasors. Every tortfeasor should bear his respective proportion and only bear for others under special circumstances. Relative effect is created when the victim releases one tortfeasor＇s liability,and the settlement between the victim and one tortfeasor also has relative effect.

关 键 词：共同加害行为 连带责任 绝对主义 相对主义 

分 类 号：D913[政治法律—民商法学]