水电建设区的生态环境监测与评价——以向家坝水电站为例  

ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND WARNING OF HYDROPOWER CONSTRUCTION AREA——A CASE STUDY OF XIANGJIABA HYDROPOWER PROJECT

作　　者：李桂媛[1] 陈静[2] 段中元[1] 马树清[3] 

机构地区：[1]三峡大学土木与建筑学院,湖北宜昌443000 [2]三峡大学化学与生命科学学院,湖北宜昌443000 [3]中国三峡总公司向家坝工程建设部,四川宜宾644600

出　　处：《长江流域资源与环境》2013年第12期1573-1580,共8页Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin

基　　金：湖北省教育厅科学技术研究计划重点项目(D20091309)"水电建设区的景观生态修复研究"

摘　　要：水电工程的建设对区域环境会产生不可逆转的重大扰动,生态环境监测与预警作为大型水电工程建设的重要环节,为工程区域环境问题分析与研究提供详实的数据支撑,对区域生态环境的修复至关重要。以向家坝水电站为例,分析水电工程建设对区域环境产生扰动的特点,结合产生扰动的各环境要素,构建工程施工区环境监测体系。收集、整理相关监测数据,采用环境因子综合评价法对监测的相关数据进行分析和评价,结合各种环境因子的现状以及变化过程、总结区域环境总体状况的变化规律及空间分布。结果表明:自2007年工程大规模动工以来,区域的生态脆弱度大幅度升高,2008年达到顶峰,自2009年起环境开始改善,保持优于2007、2008年的状况;最脆弱区域为主体工程和云天化生产区交接地区,低度脆弱区域为河流及工程量少的加工工程区域;工程扰动最大的区域、当地工业区及交通枢纽集中地带是建设区环境最脆弱的区域,工程建设、工业及交通是建设区的主要扰动因素。Construction of hydropower projects will produce irreversible major disturbance on regional envi ronment.Ecological environmental monitoring and warning as important parts of the large-scale hydropow er project construction,provide detailed data support for analysis and research of the regional environmen tal problems of engineering project, and are essential to the regional ecological environment restoration. This paper, taking Xiangjiaba hydropower project as a case, studied the environment disturbance character istics of hydropower project construction area, and constructed environment monitoring system of engineer ing construction area through combining various environment factors producing disturbances.The monito ring data were analyzed and valuated by adopting the environmental factors comprehensive evaluation method.The overall status of regional environmental change rule and spatial distribution were summarized in accordance with the process of the status and changes of various environmental factors.Some conclusions are drawn as follows.Since the large-scale start of the project in 2007 ,the ecological vulnerability greatly in creased, and peaked in 2008.The environment began to improve since 2009,and maintained the situation of better than 2007 and 2008.Highly vulnerable area was mainly located in the main construction area.The re gion was poor vegetation coverage,and the quality of the environment affected by the project was also low- er than other regions.Extremely vulnerable area was the area connected the main project and YYTH pro- duction area,not only affected by the construction projects,but also by the industrial pollution of YYTH. The moderately vulnerable area was residential area of Shuifu and the engineering subzone of the project （living area and materials processing area）.This area was frequent area of human activity,affected by seri ous human disturbance.Low vulnerable area was process engineering area of less engineering quantities.The areas of the largest disturbance, local industria

关 键 词：水电建设区 环境监测 环境预警 

分 类 号：X83[环境科学与工程—环境工程]