大穗型杂交水稻父本材料的耐冷性筛选与鉴定  

CHILLING-TOLERANCE SCREENING AND IDENTIFICATION OF HEAVY-PANICLE MALE PARENT VARIETIES OF HYBRID RICE

作　　者：汪志威[1] 张永英[2] 左碧浩 卢经伟 吴晨阳[2] 姚仪敏[2] 田小海[2] 

机构地区：[1]贵州大学农学院,贵州贵阳550000 [2]长江大学农学院,湖北荆州434025

出　　处：《长江流域资源与环境》2013年第12期1635-1641,共7页Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin

基　　金：长江大学国家大学生创新性实验计划项目(111048914);国家自然科学基金项目(30971736);国家科技支撑计划(2012BAD04B12-3)

摘　　要：冷害已成为我国杂交水稻发展中影响安全生产的一大问题,而与超级杂交稻密切关联的大穗型水稻的耐冷性鉴定尚没有成型的方法。以21个现有杂交稻水稻大穗型父本品种(品系)为材料,在水稻花粉母细胞减数分裂期采用人工气候室模拟当地水稻典型受害气象条件,进行连续7d低温处理(日平均温度17.5℃),以受精率和毎穗颖花数为联合筛选指标进行了低温耐性筛选试验。结果表明,根据各品种对低温的反应,可将其分为4种类型,分别为耐低温型、较耐低温型、较感低温型和低温敏感型。其中BL006、R-HQ和香八等3品种属于耐低温型,C-418属于低温敏可感型。经在水稻花粉母细胞减数分裂期低温处理后,耐低温型品种BL006、R-HQ和香八的颖花受精率和毎穗颖花数受影响较小,花药长度变化不大,每柱头花粉总数、花粉萌发数和花粉萌发率降幅小;相反,低温敏感型品种C-418受精率和每穗颖花数严重下降,花药长度大幅减小,每柱头花粉总数、花粉萌发数和花粉萌发率显著降低。由此证明,针对大穗型水稻品种的耐冷性鉴定,采用颖花受精率和每穗颖花数作为联合筛选指标的人工气候室模拟鉴定法可能是一种可行的方法。Chilling injury in rice has become a severer problem for hybrid production in China in recent years under global warming.Meanwhile a standard method for chilling tolerance screening in heavy-panicle rice has been lacked.Thus this experiment aimed to establish a possible method for chilling-tolerance screeningof heavy-panicle rice varieties.The experiment was conducted with 21 heavy-panicle male-parent varieties of hybrid rice in phytotron, with chilling stress treatment at their meiosis stages by simulating the local typical injury meteorological factors. The treatment temperature 17.5℃ ,and the spikelet pollination rate kept continuous seven （SPR） and the spikelet were chosen to be the criteria for screening the varieties with or with no to days with a daily average number per panicle （SNP） erance to the chilling stresses. As a result, all the varieties were classified into four groups by their tolerances, the tolerant, moderate tolerant,moderate susceptible and the susceptible.Among them,BL006,R-HQ and Xiangba belonged to be the tolerant group,and C-418 the susceptible. After the chilling stress treatment,in comparison with the controls,the tolerant varieties showed higher SPRs and SNPs,with no change in anther length （AID, the pollinated pollens per stigma（PPS）, the germinated pollens per stigma（GPS）, and the pollen germination rate per stigma（PGRS）.On the contrary, C-418 demonstrated sharp decreases in their SPRs and SNPs, anther length, the pollination pollens per stigma, the germination pollens per stigma, and the pollen germination rate per stigma after their treatments.The result showed that different from the normal panicle type rice variety, the heavy-panicle rice variety susceptible to chilling stress tended to reduce its spikelet formation. While as the same as the normal panicle rice variety, its male microgamete tended to be deteriorated in structure and functioning under chilling stress process.Thus a joint screening indicator with SPR plus SNP, not just SPR, may be necessar

关 键 词：水稻 大穗型 耐冷性 筛选 

分 类 号：S511.32[农业科学—作物学]