运动性心理疲劳成分的动态变化及其归因  

Dynamic Changing and Attribution of the Concept Components of Athletic Burnout

作　　者：毕晓婷[1,2] 张力为[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京体育大学运动人体科学学院,北京100084 [2]江苏省体育科学研究所,江苏南京210033

出　　处：《天津体育学院学报》2013年第5期408-413,共6页Journal of Tianjin University of Sport

基　　金：国家体育总局奥运攻关项目(项目编号:07108)

摘　　要：探索中国文化背景下运动性心理疲劳的动态变化及其归因。采用追踪式的定性研究方法,邀请6名某项目备战2008年北京奥运会的女性运动员为研究参与者,使用NVivo7.0软件对其在备战期间的行为记录和半结构化访谈材料进行分析,获得对运动性心理疲劳结构和归因的主题归纳结果。结论:(1)"运动性心理疲劳"是一个具有3因素结构的动态构念,其中,"情绪和体力耗竭"与"对运动的负评价"2个因素的变化规律类似,均在比赛期增加,在调整期降低,而"运动成就感降低"因素则相反,在赛期降低而在休息期提高;(2)训练周期和心理疲劳的调节措施同时以运动员的"控制感"为中介对其产生影响,导致运动性心理疲劳的动态变化,因此对其的干预从根本上应当指向如何帮助运动员提高对于训练的控制感。The main purpose of this research was to explore the structure, attribution and regulation of athletic burnout under Chinese culture background. Longitudinal qualitative method was used and 6 female athletics were invited as participants. Data collecting through behavior observation and half-structured interviews during the preparation for the 2008 Olympics was put into NVivo 7.0. Themes of structure and attribution of athletic burnout emerged. Results showed that （ 1 ） Athletic burnout was a dynamic concept composed by 3 factors, among which ＂physical-emotional exhaustion＂ and ＂sport devalua- tion＂ were sharing similar changing rules： increasing during games and decreasing during rest, while ＂reduced sense of accomplishment＂ showed a totally op- posite way of changing. （2） Training arrangements and burnout regulation methods both worked on ＂the sense of control＂ perceived by athletics, and further caused the dynamic structure of athletic burnout. As a result, the regulation should focus on how to help athletics enhance their sense of control of the training process.

关 键 词：运动性心理疲劳 动态构念 定性研究 控制感 

分 类 号：G804.8[文化科学—运动人体科学]