排球运动员急停起跳环节的生物力学分析  

Analysis of Biomechanics in the Link of Scram and Jumping for the Volleyball Players

作　　者：张海斌[1] 葛春林[1] 王锋 

机构地区：[1]北京体育大学教育学院,北京100084 [2]中国石油大学(华东)体育教学部,山东青岛266580

出　　处：《天津体育学院学报》2013年第5期440-443,共4页Journal of Tianjin University of Sport

摘　　要：以12名女排队员4号位扣球前的急停起跳为研究对象。通过测力台、摄像机和肌电多机同步测试来收集运动员急停起跳中的运动学、动力学以及肌电数据。结果表明：（1）排球运动员急停起跳中，膝关节缓冲幅度在40°～50°之间时起跳高度较高，建议将急停起跳环节进行专项化训练，并采用40°～50°的缓冲幅度；（2）排球运动员急停起跳中，蹬伸阶段关节的发力顺序为髋、膝、踝，因此训练时应形成合理的发力顺序；（3）排球运动员的膝、踝关节在急停起跳的蹬伸阶段先进行离心收缩后进行向心收缩，所以训练形式应符合伸肌群先拉长后缩短的特点；（4）排球运动员在急停起跳环节中，采用足尖着地能取得更好的起跳效果，建议队员急停起跳中采用足尖着地；（5）排球运动员在重视大肌肉群训练的同时也要重视胫骨前肌、腓肠肌等小肌肉群的专门化训练。Based on the volleyball venue of four as the focus of the test area, with twelve women＇s volleyball team a drop shot before takeoff as the re- search object. By load, cameras and electrical machine synchronous test to collect the athlete scram takeoff in the kinematics, dynamics and eleetromyog- raphy data. Results showed that： （1）the volleyball players stop takeoff, and knee when buffering range between 40 to 50 degrees higher minimum height. Recommended training will stop jump links to special training, and by using the buffer of forty to fifty degrees. （2）the volleyball players stop jump stretch- ing stage joint power in order to hip, knee and ankle. So the training should be to form a reasonable power order. （3）the volleyball players of knee, ankle in stop takeoff and stretching in phase to the centripetal contraction after loading. So first group training form should comply with the extensor stretch after shortening. （4）the characteristics of volleyball players in stop takeoff and link, can obtain better jump result using toe hit the ground. So training, suggests using toe the players stop takeoff and landing. （5）the volleyball players in on big muscles training also should attach importance to small tibialis anterior muscle and gastrocnemius muscle groups of specialized training.

关 键 词：排球 急停起跳 生物力学 

分 类 号：G804.6[文化科学—运动人体科学]