云南山区密达利灭螺效果和鱼毒性观察  

Observation on Molluscicidal Effect of META-Li and Fish Toxicity in Mountainous Area of Yunnan

作　　者：李炳桂 李文豹 冯锡光 董毅 吴明寿 董兴齐 

机构地区：[1]云南省鹤庆县血吸虫病防治站,云南鹤庆671500 [2]云南省地方病防治研究所

出　　处：《寄生虫病与感染性疾病》2013年第4期180-184,共5页Parasitoses and Infectious Diseases

摘　　要：目的观察云南高原血吸虫流行区密达利杀螺效果和鱼毒性。方法室内采用密达利不同浓度组浸杀、喷洒灭螺,现场选鱼塘周围有钉螺孳生的各类环境灭螺,同时观察对鱼的毒性。结果室内试验设清水对照和密达利2.5、5、10、15、20、50、100g/m3 7个浓度组,浸杀法第7天钉螺死亡率分别为2.00%、58.00%、68.00%、66.00%、76.00%、82.00%、90.00%、96.00%,喷洒法第7天钉螺死亡率分别为2.00%、66.00%、78.00%、80.00%、84.00%、88.00%、90.00%、90.00%,密达利浸杀法和喷洒法各浓度组随时间的延长和浓度的增加,钉螺死亡率上升。现场灭螺剂量5～10g,灭螺后7、15、30d钉螺死亡率为52.28%、76.98%、71.89%,活螺框出现率分别下降了29.93%、52.37%、57.01%,活螺平均密度分别下降了51.50%、76.72%、71.03%。室内鱼毒性试验(厂家推荐剂量2.5～5g/m2或g/m3),鱼死亡率与清水组比较没有统计学差别(χ2=0.11,P>0.05),现场试验鱼没有死亡,也没有其他的水生生物死亡。结论密达利灭螺能有效降低活螺密度,对鱼类等水生物安全性高,在鱼塘及周围的有螺环境有使用价值。Objective To observe the molluscicidal effect of META - Li and fish toxicity in schistosomiasis hyper - endemic plateau area of Yunnan province. Methods A group of META - Li of different concentrations was marinated and sprayed indoor to kill snails. On the spot, various environments surrounding the pond where oncomelania snails habituated were selected to kill snails. Besides, fish was immersed inside snail kill- ing ditch indoor to observe its toxicity. Results The death rate of oncomelania snails were respectively 2. 00%, 66. 00%, 78.00%, 80. 00%, 84. 00%, 88.00%, 90. 00% and 90. 00% in the control group （ e- merged in clean water） and META - Li group of seven different concentrations （2. 5, 5, 10, 15, 20, 50, 100g/m2 ） on the seventh day. The death rate of oncomelania snails would rise if it is immerged and sprayed longer in or by META - Li of a higher concentration. After pilot killing of snails on site for 7 days, 15 days and 30 days, the death rates of oncomelania snails reached to 52.28%, 76.98% and 71.89% respectively,whereas the emergence rate of living snails declined by 29.93%, 52. 37% and 57.01% respectively. Further- more, the density of living snails respectively decreased by 51.05%, 76.42% and 71.03%. As regards the effect of different enviromnents on killing snails, the best effect was achieved in corn field, followed by mulberryfield, grassland, ditch and paddy. Indoors, specified dose of META - Li （2. 5 - 5 g/m2 or g/m3 ） was used as recommended by manufacturers. It was found that the death rate of fish was of no statistical differences from the clean water group （X2 = 0. 11, P 〉 0. 05 ）. The fish freed during pilot killing of snails inside the pond a- round the snail killing area were relatively safe, so no fish died, so did other aquatic organisms. Conclusion META - Li is more effective in killing snails and highly safe for fish and other aquatic organisms.

关 键 词：密达利 灭螺效果 鱼毒性 云南山区 

分 类 号：R184.38[医药卫生—流行病学]