高速铁路桥墩汽车撞击力的数值模拟与特性分析  

Numerical Simulation and Characteristic Analysis of Vehicle Collision Forces in High-Speed Railway Bridge Pier

作　　者：崔堃鹏[1] 夏超逸[1] 刘炎海[2] 夏禾[1] 吴萱[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京交通大学土木建筑工程学院,北京100044 [2]兰州交通大学土木工程学院,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《桥梁建设》2013年第6期57-63,共7页Bridge Construction

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51308035);国家重点基础研究计划"973"项目(2013CB036203);中央高校基本科研业务费项目(2013YJS059)~~

摘　　要：为研究汽车撞击高速铁路桥墩瞬态撞击力特性,并分析规范设计值的合理性,采用ANSYS LS_DYNA软件建立卡车撞击高速铁路桥墩模型,模拟车辆以60,80,100,120km/h四种速度撞击桥墩的全过程,获得撞击面撞击力时程及峰值,对其动力特性进行分析并和既有研究成果进行比较,计算撞击力的等效静力值并与规范设计值对比分析。结果表明:卡车撞击力呈现为短脉冲荷载形式,持续时间多在0.2s以内;车速越高,撞击作用时间越短,瞬时冲击作用越大,撞击力峰值可达数十MN;撞击力对应的等效静力比我国高速铁路规范和美国AASHTO规范中的撞击力设计值大很多,说明现行规范撞击力设计值偏小,应给予足够重视。To study the characteristics of the instantaneous collision forces of vehicle colliding with the high-speed railway bridge pier and to analyze the rationality of the related designed values in the current codes, the software ANSYS LS_DYNA was used to set up a model for the trucks colliding with the pier and to simulate the whole process of the trucks colliding with the pier at 4 kinds of the running speeds of 60, 80, 100 and 120 km/h. The time-history curves and peak values of the truck collision forces in the collided surfaces of the pier were obtained, the dynamic characteristics of the collision forces were analyzed and were compared to the previous research findings. The equivalent static force values of the collision forces were calculated and were analytically compared to the designed values in the codes. The results demonstrate that the truck collision forces take the form of short pulse load and mostly the duration time of the load is within 0.2 s. The higher the truck running speed is and the shorter the truck collision action is, the greater the instantaneous collision action will be and the peak values of the collision forces can even reach tens of MN. The equivalent static forces corresponding to the collision forces are far greater than the designed values of the collision forces as provided in the Chinese high-speed rail- way code and in the AASHTO, indicating that the designed values in the existing codes are slightly low, to which sufficient attention should be paid.

关 键 词：高速铁路 铁路桥 桥墩 汽车撞击 撞击力 设计值 规范 数值模拟 

分 类 号：U448.13[建筑科学—桥梁与隧道工程] TU311.3[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]