压力下的选择——近代东北农村土地关系的衍化与生态变迁  

Selection under the Pressure:The Development of the Rural Land Relationship and the Ecological Change in Modern Northeast China

作　　者：王大任[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院经济研究所,100836

出　　处：《中国经济史研究》2013年第4期65-87,175,共23页Researches in Chinese Economic History

基　　金：中国社会科学院创新工程课题"近百年来工业化城镇化进程中农户经济转型研究"阶段性成果

摘　　要：本文从探讨近代东北地区生态系统与农民经济的互动关系入手,将环境、市场、阶级、文化等诸方面要素纳入整体性的生态视野上进行考察,并对以往学术界关于中国传统社会土地关系问题所存在的种种争议,从生态经济视角进行解释。东北近代生态压力显著提高,农村中土地关系也随之呈现出了不同的形式。在土地生产关系转变与重新确定过程中,地主的嗜利性、乡村道义规范、佃农雇工的斗争都产生了显著的影响,既保证了大土地所有者超然的收益和社会地位,也保证了弱势群体的基本生存,进而维持其制度的稳定与持续。当生态压力达到相当大的程度时,大土地所有者则开始将资金从乡村撤离,进而造成该地自耕小农经营的主导地位和社会"均贫化"的出现。In this paper,the interactive relationship of ecological system and peasant economy in modern Northeast China is taken as a focus of attention,the elements such as environment,market,class and culture are investigated on the basis of integral ecological framework,and various argues about the land relationship in traditional Chinese society are explained from the viewpoint of ecological economy.In modern Northeast China,ecological pressure increased remarkably,and different types of land relationship occurred in the rural area accordingly,during the process of transformation and reestablishment of land and production relations,the effects of landlords' profit-seeking,rural moral standards and tenants' conflict were noticeable,which not only guaranteed the remarkable profit and social status of large landowners,but also guaranteed the basic existence of vulnerable groups,and which eventually kept the stability and sustainability of the system.When the ecological pressure became large enough,large landowners began to retrieve funds from rural areas,which eventually resulted in predominant land-holding peasants' management and the emergence of social 'poorness equalization'.

关 键 词：生态 东北 土地关系 租佃 雇工 

分 类 号：K25[历史地理—历史学] F301[历史地理—中国史] F323.22[经济管理—产业经济]