晚期奥斯曼帝国的社会开放与政治倒退  

Analysis of Peculiar Development Paths in Late Ottoman Empire

作　　者：王三义[1] 

机构地区：[1]山西大学历史文化学院,山西太原030006

出　　处：《上海交通大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2013年第6期10-17,26,共9页Journal of Shanghai Jiao tong University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：山西省高等学校优秀青年学术带头人支持计划资助(2011)

摘　　要：晚期奥斯曼帝国西化改革后经济有所增长,社会逐步开放,西化程度提高,同时并行的进程是:政府权力被素丹收回,由前几辈改革者开启的宪政之路中断,退到哈米德二世专制,而土耳其革命后掌权的"青年土耳其党人"实行新的独裁。单从经济和社会改革层面看,专制时代延续了"坦齐马特"的改革并有所深化。修建铁路公路加强了帝国各行省的联系,对外贸易扩大,外国投资增加,落伍的帝国与世界接近。帝国境内许多城市建起学校、孤儿院、银行、电话局、医院,社会明显进步。正因如此,民众很难像以前那样被当政者蒙骗。素丹治理帝国遇到挑战,又不让权力受到限制,为维持统治费尽心机却埋下革命隐患。"青年土耳其党"核心人物的独断,把帝国引向战争,导致帝国崩溃。After the Westernization reforms in late Ottoman Empire, the economy grew, the society further opened up and westernization enhanced. However, there was a reverse trend that the road to Constitutionalism was blocked as the power of the government was taken back by Sultan and the society went back ＇to the autocracy under Abdtilhamid II. The Young Turks continued the retrogression by new dictatorship. Judging from the perspective of economic and social reforms, the Tanzimat was continued and deepened under the autocracy. The relationship between provinces was strengthened with the construction of rails and roads. Foreign trade expanded, foreign invest increased and the backward empire was getting closed to the world. Many schools, banks, orphanages, telephone offices and hospitals were built, which obviously showed the advancement of society. The people were not easily deceived by those in power as they had been in the past. These posed a challenge to Sultan, who was not willingly to accept the fact that his power should be restricted, administrating the whole empire. He tried his best to maintain his rule, but the revolutionary seeds had already been rooted. Unfortunately, the arbitrary of the central figures in thP Young： Turks led （）~, ~~~：

关 键 词：奥斯曼帝国 改革延续 社会开放 政治倒退 

分 类 号：K374.3[历史地理—历史学]