油气管道全生命周期安全环境风险管理  

Environmental and safety risk management of oil and gas pipelines in their full life cycle

作　　者：付建华[1] 王毅辉[1] 李又绿[2] 雷宇[1] 蒋蓉[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国石油西南油气田公司安全环保与技术监督研究院 [2]西南石油大学石油工程学院

出　　处：《天然气工业》2013年第12期138-143,共6页Natural Gas Industry

摘　　要：在油气管道全生命周期的各个阶段,存在着不同的安全、环境风险,有必要对应油气管道生命周期的各个阶段,按照资产分类和风险分级管理的总体原则,研究建立科学实用的风险管理目录,以实现油气管道各阶段风险的动态管理和监控。为此,以管道系统生命周期各阶段及相关生产作业活动、场所(区域)的划分为基础,提出了管道设计、施工、运行和停用报废等各阶段风险管理目录的框架,构建了安全、环境风险分级矩阵,按照风险识别、评价、控制、监控、更新的总体管理流程,建立风险登记册以实施日常生产过程中的风险动态管理和监控,并综合考虑资产分类和风险等级,提出了风险分类分级管理的方案构想。同时指出,还需要不断深入研究各种风险识别和评价方法的适应性,准确识别和评价油气管道生命周期内的各类风险,建立科学实用的风险管理目录并利用信息化技术手段,使各类风险得以有序地控制,有效跟踪监控风险,从而实现长输油气管道的风险受控管理,减少事故的发生概率,保障油气管道生产安全。Different safety and environmental risks exist at each stage of the full-life cycle of oil and gas pipelines in service. In view of this, based on the division of pipeline^s life cycle and the corresponding production activities and workplaces （or production areas）, a risk management framework was presented concerning pipeline design, construction, operation as well as pipes being discarded or out of service, and the matrix grading was formulated for safety and environmental risk management. In accordance with the overall management process of risk identification, assessment, control, monitoring, and updating, any risk was routinely registered to im- plement the dynamic risk management and supervision in the daily production process. On this basis, considering the classification of assets and risk levels, we proposed a scheme for risk classification and management at different levels. Meanwhile, in order to organ- ize and control all types of risks, to track and monitor risks, and thereby to mitigate risks and guarantee the safe operation of long- distance oil and gas pipelines, it was finally suggested that further studies should focus on the adaptability of risk identification and e- valuation methods; each type of risks in a life cycle of pipelines should be accurately identified and evaluated; scientific and practical risk management directory should be built by taking advantage of information technologies.

关 键 词：油气管道 全生命周期 安全风险 环境风险 管理方案 分级矩阵 风险登记册 动态管理 

分 类 号：TE973[石油与天然气工程—石油机械设备]