对“实际消除核电厂大量放射性物质释放”的技术见解  

Technical Insight on Practical Elimination of Large Radioactive Release from Nuclear Power Plants

作　　者：林诚格 史国宝[2] 陈耀东 陈培培 刘伟 孙光弟 沈文权 刘志弢 詹文辉[2] 梅其良[2] 陈松[2] 孙大威[2] 苏夏[2] 杨亚军[2] 李林森 廖敏 崔蕾 邢勉 

机构地区：[1]国家核电技术有限公司,北京100029 [2]上海核工程研究设计院,上海200233 [3]国核(北京)科学技术研究院,北京100029

出　　处：《核科学与工程》2013年第4期337-345,共9页Nuclear Science and Engineering

摘　　要：本文研究了《核电安全规划》中"实际消除大量放射性物质释放的可能性"安全目标的技术内涵和落实措施。建议将放射性释放量超过5×1014Bq的131I当量的放射性释放定为"大量放射性释放",同时从确定论和概率论目标要求两方面提出了"实际消除大量放射性物质释放的可能性"的对应要求,其中概率安全目标中的大量放射性物质释放频率不超过1×10-7/堆·年。为此,需要采取措施,在设计上实际排除能产生大量放射性释放的事故序列;在严重事故条件下尽量恢复堆芯冷却,并保持反应堆压力容器和安全壳的完整性,以及乏燃料池的冷却能力;扩展事故管理导则,提高事故缓解和控制能力。最终在技术上实现实际消除大量放射性物质释放后,无需场区外紧急撤离措施。This paper presented a technical insight on the safety objective proposed in China＇s Nuclear Power Safety Plan, namely practical elimination of large radioactive release from nuclear power plants. The quantitative value of large radioactive releasedefined was suggested to be exceeding 5 × 1014 Bq 131I equivalents, and the large release frequency was suggested to be no larger than 1 × 10-7/（reactor-year）.Technical measures are consequently needed to practically eliminate the accident sequences that may lead to large release by design, to restore core cooling in severe accident conditions, to maintain the integrity of reactor pressure vessel and containment vessel, and to ensure the cooling capacity of spent fuel pool. The accident management guidelines were suggested to be extended to enhance the emergency response capability. When practical elimination was achieved, from technical point of view there is no need for off-site evacuation under a severe accident.

关 键 词：核电 核安全 实际消除 大量放射性释放 

分 类 号：TL364.9[核科学技术—核技术及应用]