基于受体易损性评估的突发事故环境风险应急管理研究  

Environmental risk management of sudden accident based on vulnerability assessment

作　　者：谢兴勇[1] 祖维[1] 刘雪梅[1] 彭喜花[1] 

机构地区：[1]淮阴工学院生命科学与化学工程学院,江苏淮安223003

出　　处：《环境污染与防治》2013年第12期92-96,共5页Environmental Pollution & Control

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(No.41301048);江苏省高校自然科学基金资助项目(No.12KJD610002)

摘　　要：以化工企业突发液氯泄漏事故为例,通过故障树分析方法确定典型事故情景,以人群为环境风险受体构建突发污染事故受体易损性评估模型。利用污染物最大浓度、人口密度、脆弱人口比例计算物理易损性,根据科学性及数据可获得性原则,筛选人口密度、居住环境、与污染源的距离、与可达医院的最近距离、与通达道路的最近距离5个指标计算受体社会易损性。分析居民对突发事故易损性的空间差异,不仅为事故安全防范与应急控制提供关键节点,也有助于在日常风险管理中增强受体的抗风险能力。Environmental risk management of sudden accident was carried out with liquefied chlorine gas leakage accident in chemical industry as case study. The typical accident scenario was assumed by fault tree analysis, and the conceptual model of environmental risk targets vulnerability assessment was built according to the health of exposed population. Physical vulnerability was calculated by maximum concentration of chlorine gas, population density and the scale of vulnerability population. Social vulnerability was calculated by population density, building type, distance with risk source,distance to hospital, and distance to road. The results provide not only instructions for building up risk tar- gets＇ resistance,but also decision supports for emergency response to environmental pollution accidents.

关 键 词：突发事故 液氯泄漏 易损性评估 环境风险管理 

分 类 号：X507[环境科学与工程—环境工程]