北冰洋浮冰和开阔海面上的能量平衡特征  

CHARACTERISTICS OF ENERGY BALANCE OVER ARCTIC DRIFTING ICE AND OPEN SEA

作　　者：张雅斌[1] 卞林根[1] 程彦杰[1] 陆龙骅[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国气象科学研究院,北京100081

出　　处：《极地研究》2000年第3期191-202,共12页Chinese Journal of Polar Research

摘　　要：利用中国首次北极考察队于 1 999年 8月 1 9日～ 2 4日在北冰洋浮冰区获得的大气近地层垂直廓线和辐射等资料 ,依据相似理论方法 ,对比分析了北冰洋无冰海面和冰面上热平衡参数的变化特征。结果表明 ,海面与大气和冰面与大气之间相互作用的边界层物理过程差异十分明显。冰面吸收的净辐射仅为海面的 6%左右 ,主要消耗于感热输送和冰面融化过程 ,不足部分由水汽在冰面上凝结释放的潜热和冰中的热通量来补充。海面吸收的净辐射主要消耗于潜热输送过程 ,占净辐射的 50 % ,其余热量传向水体深层和用于感热输送 ,分别占净辐射的 2 6%和 2 4 %。由此可见 ,在北冰洋夏季 ,无冰海面有大量的水汽向大气输送 。Characteristics of heat balance parameters of Arctic Ocean drifting ice and open sea are presented based on the profile flux method and the data obtained by the First Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition during Aug.19-24,1999. The result shows that the difference of interaction processes between ocean air and ice air is extremely obvious. Net radiation absorbed by ice surface only account for 6% of that absorbed by the sea surface and it is consumed mainly by the processes of sensible heat exchange and ice melting, deficit part of the heat is compensated from the latent heat released when water vapor is frozen on ice surface and heat stored in ice. Net radiation absorbed by sea surface is balanced most by the process of latent heat transport , accounting for 50% of total heat, and the rest part is conducted to deep water and transported as sensible heat to air, accounting for 26% and 24% of total heat individually. It can be found that a great quantity of vapor is transported to atmosphere from Arctic Ocean open sea in summer, which is very important to concerns on season change of heat budget on Arctic Ocean.

关 键 词：北冰洋 浮冰 开阔水域 湍流通量 

分 类 号：P727[天文地球—海洋科学] P412.3