天灾视角下的乾隆盛世衰落缘由探略  

Examination on the Reasons of the Decline of Qianlong Prosperity Based on the Natural Calamities

作　　者：张祥稳[1] 

机构地区：[1]安庆师范学院人文与社会学院,安徽安庆246113

出　　处：《中国农史》2013年第6期58-66,共9页Agricultural History of China

基　　金：教育部人文社科规划基金项目(13YJAZH136)

摘　　要：学界将乾隆盛世衰落之主因归结于乾隆朝日益凸显的三大隐患:人口膨胀、物价持续上涨和皇权过度膨胀。但实际上,其时频仍、严重的灾害,造成了农业经济损失惨重,灾民生命财产安全和基本生存条件缺乏保障;灾害救助使国家财政不堪重负,并在灾民面前充分暴露了吏治的腐败;灾民流离载道,多种形式的反抗斗争连绵不断;等等。天灾严重威胁着乾隆朝的民众生命财产安全、国家粮食安全和财政安全,影响着民心的向背及社会稳定等,引发了多方位和深层次的社会危机,实乃乾隆盛世衰落的主因之一。As for declining causes of Qianlong prosperity, academic circles the three big hidden troubles protruding obvious in the Qianlong dynasty： Population expands, prices continues going up and the excessive expansion of imperial power. But Qianlong dynasty has too many natural calamities, leads to agricultural econ- omy is gradually bleak, the state revenue is gradually deficient, work-styles and achievements of officials is further rotten and exposed, the basic living conditions and the safety of people＇s life and property of the flood victims are lack of security, the victims of natural disaster are roaming about everywhere etc.. Natural calami- ties the safety of people＇s life and property, food and financial safety, cause society crises widely and seriously, and ought to be one main reason for the decline of Qianlong Prosperity.

关 键 词：自然灾害 社会危机 衰落缘由 乾隆盛世 

分 类 号：K207[历史地理—历史学]