锁国时期中日韩三国港口城市发展的政治背景微探——以17世纪的广州、长崎和釜山为中心  

Analysis on the Political Background of Port City Development of China, Japan and Korea in Sakaku Period——with Canton, Nagasaki and Busan as the center in 17th century

作　　者：张晓刚[1] 刘钦[1] 万映辰[1] 

机构地区：[1]大连大学东北亚研究院,辽宁大连116622

出　　处：《日本问题研究》2013年第4期32-39,共8页Japanese Research

基　　金：国家社科基金项目(12BSS016);教育部人文社科基金项目(09YJA710005)

摘　　要：17世纪东亚暨中日韩港口城市的发展有着显著的国内外政治背景;一方面中日韩三国均遭受到"西学东渐"的冲击与影响,另一方面,三国又都倾力维护国内的"政治稳定"。明中晚期至清初的中国,政府严禁濒海居民"下海通藩",以此建立封建王朝"闭关锁国"的政治体制;江户初期的日本,幕府颁布"锁国令",因而形成"闭关锁国"的发展模式;"壬辰战争"后的朝鲜,"南北交困"的国际格局使朝鲜王朝陷入被动"锁国"的发展困境。因此,各种政治因素交互影响并促成了此一时期东亚三国的"锁国"局面,且在此背景之下形成了广州、长崎、釜山"一口通商"的贸易格局。The development of China, Japan and Korea port cities（namely East Asia in the 17th century） have significant domestic and international political background. On one hand, the three countries were subjected to the impact and influence of ＂Western Learning to the East＂; On the other hand, the three countries also made efforts to maintain ＂domestic political stability＂. From the late Ming dynasty to the early Qing dynasty, the government banned coastal residents exchanges with foreign at sea, in order to establish the political system of feudal dynasty＇s ＂closed-door policy＂; In the early EDO period, Japanese Bakufu promulgated the ＂closed-door order＂, resulting in a ＂closed-door＂ model of development; After the ＂Im Jin War＂, the international pattern of ＂North-Sourth Cross-Storm＂ made Chosen dynasty into a plight development of passive ＂closed-door＂. Therefore, various political factors contributed to the ＂closed-door＂ situation of the three countries of that time. It also formed a ＂one port to trade＂ situation for Canton, Nagasaki and Busan in that background.

关 键 词：中日韩 港口城市 闭关锁国 政治背景 

分 类 号：K31[历史地理—历史学]