综合康复护理干预对老年吞咽障碍患者并发症的影响及康复评价  

Effect and rehabilitation evaluation of comprehensive rehabilitation care on complications of dysphagiain elderly patients

作　　者：颜碧飞[1] 汤鸿鹰[1] 金海燕[2] 

机构地区：[1]浙江医院康复科,浙江杭州310013 [2]浙江医院VIP门诊部,浙江杭州310013

出　　处：《中国医药导报》2014年第1期128-131,共4页China Medical Herald

基　　金：浙江省医药卫生科技计划项目(编号2011KYA 023)

摘　　要：目的探讨综合康复护理干预对老年吞咽障碍患者并发症的影响及康复评价。方法选择2011年5月～2012年3月浙江医院康复科住院老年吞咽障碍患者64例，随机分为对照组（32例）和观察组（32例）。对照组给予常规护理干预，观察组给予综合康复护理干预。3个月后比较两组患者误吸、吸人性肺炎、营养不良的发生情况；采用标准吞咽功能评价量表（SSA）评价存在吞咽功能障碍，采用吞咽障碍生活质量量表（SWAL—QOL）评价患者生存质量。结果①3个月后观察组患者误吸及吸人性肺炎、营养不良的发生率显著降低，与对照组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。②治疗前及治疗后1周两组患者SSA评分差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05），治疗后2、3、4周观察组SSA评分显著高于对照组（P〈0．05），两组治疗后2、3、4周与同组治疗前比较，差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。③两组治疗后4周SWAL-QOL评分高于治疗前，差异均有高度统计学意义（均P〈0．01）；两组治疗后4周SWAL—QOL评分比较，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论综合康复护理干预能有效降低误吸、吸人性肺炎、营养不良的发牛率．改善患者生活质量．Objective To investigate the effect and rehabilitation of comprehensive rehabilitation care on complications of dysphagia in elderly patients. Methods 64 elderly patients with dysphagia from May 2011 to March 2012 in Depart- ment of Rehabilitation of Zhejiang Hospital were selected and randomly divided into control group （32 cases） and observa- tion group （32 cases）. Patients in control group were given conventional care and patients in the observation group were given comprehensive rehabilitation care. The incidence of aspiration, aspiration pneumonia and malnutrition of the two groups were compared after 3 months. The SSA scale was used to evaluate the swallowing dysfunction, SWAL-QOL scale was used to evaluate the quality of life. Results ①）After 3 months, the incidence of aspiration, aspiration pneu- monia and malnutrition of the observation group were lower than those of the control group, the differences were statistically significant （P 〈 0.05）. ②The differences of SSA scores of the two groups before and 1 week after the treatment were not statistically significant （/9 〉 0.05）; the SSA scores in observation group 2, 3, 4 groups after the treatment were higher than those in control group, the differences were statistically significant （P 〈 0.05）; the SSA scores in the two groups 2, 3, 4 groups after the treatment were higher than those in the same group before the treatment, the differences were statistically significant （P 〈 0.05 or P 〈 0.01）. ③The SWAL-QOL scores in observation group 4 weeks after the treatment were higher than those in control group, the differences were statistically significant （P 〈 0.01）; the difference of SWAL-QOL scores 4 weeks after the treatment between the two groups was statistically significant （P 〈 0.05）. Con- clusion Comprehensive rehabilitation care can reduce the incidence of aspiration, aspiration pneumonia and malnutri- tion in elderly patients.

关 键 词：综合康复护理干预 吞咽障碍 并发症 

分 类 号：R473.5[医药卫生—护理学]